fix: follow-up nits for AVIF/JXL brotli support

- Fix JXL container ftyp size check (==20 → >=16) to accept
  wider range of valid JXL files
- Add brotli decompression size limit (2 MB) to prevent OOM
- Add trailing newline to requirements.txt
- Add unit tests for new ISOBMFF/brotli extraction paths:
  JXL/AVIF happy paths, missing brob, corrupt payload,
  non-ISOBMFF fallthrough, write-skip on AVIF/JXL,
  JSON dict/list fields, and oversized decompression

.gitignore

@@ -12,12 +12,14 @@ coverage/
 .coverage
 model_cache/
 
-# agent
+# agent / dev tooling
 .opencode/
 .claude/
 .sisyphus/
 .codex
 .omo
+reasonix.toml
+.codegraph/
 
 # Vue widgets development cache (but keep build output)
 vue-widgets/node_modules/

py/middleware/cache_middleware.py

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ IMG_EXTENSIONS = (
     ".tif",
     ".tiff",
     ".webp",
+    ".avif",
+    ".jxl",
     ".mp4"
 )
 

py/services/metadata_sync_service.py

@@ -216,13 +216,19 @@ class MetadataSyncService:
             provider_used: Optional[str] = None
             last_error: Optional[str] = None
             civitai_api_not_found = False
+            any_rate_limited = False
 
             for provider_name, provider in provider_attempts:
                 try:
                     civitai_metadata_candidate, error = await provider.get_model_by_hash(sha256)
                 except RateLimitError as exc:
-                    exc.provider = exc.provider or (provider_name or provider.__class__.__name__)
-                    raise
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "Provider %s is rate-limited (retry_after=%.0fs); skipping to next provider",
+                        provider_name or provider.__class__.__name__,
+                        exc.retry_after or 0,
+                    )
+                    any_rate_limited = True
+                    continue
                 except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover - defensive logging
                     logger.error("Provider %s failed for hash %s: %s", provider_name, sha256, exc)
                     civitai_metadata_candidate, error = None, str(exc)
@@ -276,6 +282,8 @@ class MetadataSyncService:
                 )
 
                 resolved_error = last_error or default_error
+                if any_rate_limited and "Rate limited" not in resolved_error:
+                    resolved_error = "Rate limited"
                 if is_expected_offline_error(resolved_error):
                     resolved_error = OFFLINE_FRIENDLY_MESSAGE
 

py/services/model_metadata_provider.py

@@ -65,7 +65,14 @@ class _RateLimitRetryHelper:
                 return await func(*args, **kwargs)
             except RateLimitError as exc:
                 attempt += 1
-                if attempt >= self._retry_limit:
+
+                # Determine effective retry limit based on rate-limit magnitude
+                effective_retry_limit = self._retry_limit  # default: 3
+                if exc.retry_after is not None and exc.retry_after >= 120.0:
+                    # Long rate-limit window (>=2 min) — retries are futile
+                    effective_retry_limit = 1  # total 1 attempt = 0 retries
+
+                if attempt >= effective_retry_limit:
                     exc.provider = exc.provider or label
                     raise
 
@@ -478,8 +485,12 @@ class FallbackMetadataProvider(ModelMetadataProvider):
                 if result:
                     return result, error
             except RateLimitError as exc:
-                exc.provider = exc.provider or label
-                raise exc
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Provider %s is rate-limited (retry_after=%.0fs); skipping to next provider",
+                    label,
+                    exc.retry_after or 0,
+                )
+                continue
             except Exception as e:
                 logger.debug("Provider %s failed for get_model_by_hash: %s", label, e)
                 continue
@@ -497,16 +508,12 @@ class FallbackMetadataProvider(ModelMetadataProvider):
                 if result:
                     return result
             except RateLimitError as exc:
-                if not_found_confirmed:
-                    logger.debug(
-                        "Suppressing rate limit from %s for model %s: "
-                        "already confirmed as not found by another provider",
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Provider %s is rate-limited (retry_after=%.0fs); skipping to next provider",
                     label,
-                        model_id,
+                    exc.retry_after or 0,
                 )
-                    return None
-                exc.provider = exc.provider or label
-                raise exc
+                continue
             except ResourceNotFoundError:
                 not_found_confirmed = True
                 logger.debug(
@@ -532,8 +539,12 @@ class FallbackMetadataProvider(ModelMetadataProvider):
                 if result:
                     return result
             except RateLimitError as exc:
-                exc.provider = exc.provider or label
-                raise exc
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Provider %s is rate-limited (retry_after=%.0fs); skipping to next provider",
+                    label,
+                    exc.retry_after or 0,
+                )
+                continue
             except Exception as e:
                 logger.debug("Provider %s failed for get_model_version: %s", label, e)
                 continue
@@ -550,8 +561,12 @@ class FallbackMetadataProvider(ModelMetadataProvider):
                 if result:
                     return result, error
             except RateLimitError as exc:
-                exc.provider = exc.provider or label
-                raise exc
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Provider %s is rate-limited (retry_after=%.0fs); skipping to next provider",
+                    label,
+                    exc.retry_after or 0,
+                )
+                continue
             except Exception as e:
                 logger.debug("Provider %s failed for get_model_version_info: %s", label, e)
                 continue
@@ -572,8 +587,12 @@ class FallbackMetadataProvider(ModelMetadataProvider):
             except NotImplementedError:
                 continue
             except RateLimitError as exc:
-                exc.provider = exc.provider or label
-                raise exc
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Provider %s is rate-limited (retry_after=%.0fs); skipping to next provider",
+                    label,
+                    exc.retry_after or 0,
+                )
+                continue
             except Exception as e:
                 logger.debug(
                     "Provider %s failed for get_model_versions_by_hashes: %s",
@@ -594,8 +613,12 @@ class FallbackMetadataProvider(ModelMetadataProvider):
                 if result is not None:
                     return result
             except RateLimitError as exc:
-                exc.provider = exc.provider or label
-                raise exc
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Provider %s is rate-limited (retry_after=%.0fs); skipping to next provider",
+                    label,
+                    exc.retry_after or 0,
+                )
+                continue
             except Exception as e:
                 logger.debug("Provider %s failed for get_user_models: %s", label, e)
                 continue

py/services/use_cases/bulk_metadata_refresh_use_case.py

@@ -77,6 +77,9 @@ class BulkMetadataRefreshUseCase:
 
         await emit("started")
 
+        RATE_LIMIT_ABORT_THRESHOLD = 3
+        consecutive_rate_limits = 0
+
         for model in to_process:
             if self._service.scanner.is_cancelled():
                 self._logger.info("Bulk metadata refresh cancelled by user")
@@ -115,12 +118,39 @@ class BulkMetadataRefreshUseCase:
                     continue
 
                 await MetadataManager.hydrate_model_data(model)
-                result, _ = await self._metadata_sync.fetch_and_update_model(
+                result, error_msg = await self._metadata_sync.fetch_and_update_model(
                     sha256=model["sha256"],
                     file_path=model["file_path"],
                     model_data=model,
                     update_cache_func=self._service.scanner.update_single_model_cache,
                 )
+
+                if not result and error_msg and "Rate limited" in error_msg:
+                    consecutive_rate_limits += 1
+                else:
+                    consecutive_rate_limits = 0
+
+                if consecutive_rate_limits >= RATE_LIMIT_ABORT_THRESHOLD:
+                    self._logger.warning(
+                        "Bulk metadata refresh aborted: %d consecutive rate limits detected. "
+                        "Processed %d/%d models.",
+                        consecutive_rate_limits,
+                        processed,
+                        total_to_process,
+                    )
+                    await emit(
+                        "rate_limited",
+                        processed=processed,
+                        success=success,
+                    )
+                    return {
+                        "success": False,
+                        "message": f"Rate limit detected; {total_to_process - processed} models skipped",
+                        "processed": processed,
+                        "updated": success,
+                        "total": total_models,
+                    }
+
                 if result:
                     success += 1
                     if original_name != model.get("model_name"):

py/utils/constants.py

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ PREVIEW_EXTENSIONS = [
     ".mp4",
     ".gif",
     ".webm",
+    ".avif",
+    ".jxl",
 ]
 
 # Card preview image width
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ EXAMPLE_IMAGE_WIDTH = 832
 
 # Supported media extensions for example downloads
 SUPPORTED_MEDIA_EXTENSIONS = {
-    "images": [".jpg", ".jpeg", ".png", ".webp", ".gif"],
+    "images": [".jpg", ".jpeg", ".png", ".webp", ".gif", ".avif", ".jxl"],
     "videos": [".mp4", ".webm"],
 }
 

py/utils/example_images_processor.py

@@ -62,6 +62,10 @@ class ExampleImagesProcessor:
                 return '.gif'
             elif content.startswith(b'RIFF') and b'WEBP' in content[:12]:
                 return '.webp'
+            elif len(content) >= 12 and content[4:8] == b'ftyp' and b'avif' in content[8:24]:
+                return '.avif'
+            elif content.startswith(b'\x00\x00\x00\x0cJXL \x0d\x0a\x87\x0a'):
+                return '.jxl'
             elif content.startswith(b'\x00\x00\x00\x18ftypmp4') or content.startswith(b'\x00\x00\x00\x20ftypmp4'):
                 return '.mp4'
             elif content.startswith(b'\x1A\x45\xDF\xA3'):
@@ -75,6 +79,8 @@ class ExampleImagesProcessor:
                 'image/png': '.png',
                 'image/gif': '.gif',
                 'image/webp': '.webp',
+                'image/avif': '.avif',
+                'image/jxl': '.jxl',
                 'video/mp4': '.mp4',
                 'video/webm': '.webm',
                 'video/quicktime': '.mov'

py/utils/exif_utils.py

@@ -1,17 +1,125 @@
 import json
 import logging
 import os
+import struct
 from io import BytesIO
 from typing import Any, Optional
 
 import piexif
 from PIL import Image, PngImagePlugin
 
+try:
+    import brotli
+    _BROTLI_AVAILABLE = True
+except ImportError:
+    brotli = None
+    _BROTLI_AVAILABLE = False
+
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 class ExifUtils:
     """Utility functions for working with EXIF data in images"""
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_isobmff_boxes(data: bytes, offset: int = 0) -> list[dict]:
+        boxes = []
+        while offset + 8 <= len(data):
+            size = struct.unpack('>I', data[offset:offset + 4])[0]
+            box_type = data[offset + 4:offset + 8]
+            if size == 0:
+                break
+            if size < 8 or offset + size > len(data):
+                break
+            box_data = data[offset + 8:offset + size]
+            boxes.append({'type': box_type, 'data': box_data, 'size': size})
+            offset += size
+        return boxes
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_jxl_container(data: bytes) -> bool:
+        if len(data) < 32:
+            return False
+        return (
+            struct.unpack('>I', data[:4])[0] == 12
+            and data[4:8] == b'JXL '
+            and data[8:12] == bytes([0x0d, 0x0a, 0x87, 0x0a])
+            and struct.unpack('>I', data[12:16])[0] >= 16
+            and data[16:20] == b'ftyp'
+            and data[20:24] == b'jxl '
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_avif_container(data: bytes) -> bool:
+        if len(data) < 16:
+            return False
+        for box in ExifUtils._parse_isobmff_boxes(data):
+            if box['type'] == b'ftyp' and b'avif' in box['data']:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    # Max decompressed size for brotli metadata (2 MB)
+    _BROTLI_MAX_DECOMPRESSED = 2 * 1024 * 1024
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_isobmff_brotli(image_path: str) -> Optional[dict]:
+        try:
+            with open(image_path, 'rb') as f:
+                data = f.read()
+        except Exception:
+            return None
+
+        if ExifUtils._is_jxl_container(data):
+            boxes = ExifUtils._parse_isobmff_boxes(data, offset=12)
+        elif ExifUtils._is_avif_container(data):
+            boxes = ExifUtils._parse_isobmff_boxes(data)
+        else:
+            return None
+
+        brob = None
+        for box in boxes:
+            if box['type'] == b'brob':
+                brob = box
+                break
+        if brob is None:
+            return None
+
+        payload = brob['data']
+        if payload[:4] != b'comf':
+            return None
+        compressed = payload[4:]
+
+        if _BROTLI_AVAILABLE:
+            try:
+                decompressed = brotli.decompress(compressed)
+                if len(decompressed) > ExifUtils._BROTLI_MAX_DECOMPRESSED:
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "Brotli metadata too large (%d bytes, max %d), ignoring",
+                        len(decompressed),
+                        ExifUtils._BROTLI_MAX_DECOMPRESSED,
+                    )
+                    decompressed = None
+            except Exception:
+                decompressed = None
+        else:
+            decompressed = None
+
+        raw = decompressed if decompressed is not None else compressed
+        try:
+            meta = json.loads(raw.decode('utf-8'))
+        except Exception:
+            return None
+
+        result = {"parameters": None, "prompt": None, "workflow": None, "comment": None}
+        if isinstance(meta.get("prompt"), (dict, list)):
+            result["prompt"] = json.dumps(meta["prompt"])
+        elif isinstance(meta.get("prompt"), str):
+            result["prompt"] = meta["prompt"]
+        if isinstance(meta.get("workflow"), (dict, list)):
+            result["workflow"] = json.dumps(meta["workflow"])
+        elif isinstance(meta.get("workflow"), str):
+            result["workflow"] = meta["workflow"]
+        return result
+
     @staticmethod
     def _decode_user_comment(user_comment: Any) -> Optional[str]:
         if user_comment is None:
@@ -43,6 +151,12 @@ class ExifUtils:
             "comment": None,
         }
 
+        ext = os.path.splitext(image_path)[1].lower()
+        if ext in ('.avif', '.jxl'):
+            brotli_meta = ExifUtils._extract_isobmff_brotli(image_path)
+            if brotli_meta:
+                return brotli_meta
+
         with Image.open(image_path) as img:
             info = getattr(img, "info", {}) or {}
 
@@ -149,7 +263,6 @@ class ExifUtils:
             Optional[str]: Extracted metadata or None if not found
         """
         try:
-            # Skip for video files
             if image_path:
                 ext = os.path.splitext(image_path)[1].lower()
                 if ext in ['.mp4', '.webm']:
@@ -177,10 +290,9 @@ class ExifUtils:
             str: Path to the updated image
         """
         try:
-            # Skip for video files
             if image_path:
                 ext = os.path.splitext(image_path)[1].lower()
-                if ext in ['.mp4', '.webm']:
+                if ext in ['.mp4', '.webm', '.avif', '.jxl']:
                     return image_path
 
             metadata_fields = ExifUtils._load_structured_metadata(image_path)
@@ -212,10 +324,9 @@ class ExifUtils:
     def append_recipe_metadata(image_path, recipe_data) -> str:
         """Append recipe metadata to an image's EXIF data"""
         try:
-            # Skip for video files
             if image_path:
                 ext = os.path.splitext(image_path)[1].lower()
-                if ext in ['.mp4', '.webm']:
+                if ext in ['.mp4', '.webm', '.avif', '.jxl']:
                     return image_path
 
             # First, extract existing metadata
@@ -327,10 +438,9 @@ class ExifUtils:
             Tuple of (optimized_image_data, extension)
         """
         try:
-            # Skip for video files early if it's a file path
             if isinstance(image_data, str) and os.path.exists(image_data):
                 ext = os.path.splitext(image_data)[1].lower()
-                if ext in ['.mp4', '.webm']:
+                if ext in ['.mp4', '.webm', '.avif', '.jxl']:
                     try:
                         with open(image_data, 'rb') as f:
                             return f.read(), ext

requirements.txt

@@ -13,3 +13,5 @@ aiosqlite
 beautifulsoup4
 platformdirs
 pyyaml
+# brotli — ISOBMFF (AVIF/JXL) metadata decompression
+brotli>=1.2.0

static/js/components/shared/showcase/ShowcaseView.js

@@ -355,9 +355,9 @@ function renderImportInterface(isEmpty) {
                     <button class="select-files-btn" id="selectExampleFilesBtn">
                         <i class="fas fa-folder-open"></i> Select Files
                     </button>
-                    <p class="import-formats">Supported formats: jpg, png, gif, webp, mp4, webm</p>
+                    <p class="import-formats">Supported formats: jpg, png, gif, webp, avif, jxl, mp4, webm</p>
                 </div>
-                <input type="file" id="exampleFilesInput" multiple accept="image/*,video/mp4,video/webm" style="display: none;">
+                <input type="file" id="exampleFilesInput" multiple accept="image/*,image/avif,image/jxl,video/mp4,video/webm" style="display: none;">
                 <div class="import-progress-container" style="display: none;">
                     <div class="import-progress">
                         <div class="progress-bar"></div>
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ export function initExampleImport(modelHash, container) {
  */
 async function handleImportFiles(files, modelHash, importContainer) {
     // Filter for supported file types
-    const supportedImages = ['.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.gif', '.webp'];
+    const supportedImages = ['.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.gif', '.webp', '.avif', '.jxl'];
     const supportedVideos = ['.mp4', '.webm'];
     const supportedExtensions = [...supportedImages, ...supportedVideos];
     

tests/services/test_metadata_sync_service.py

@@ -441,7 +441,6 @@ async def test_fetch_and_update_model_returns_rate_limit_error(tmp_path):
 
     assert ok is False
     assert error is not None and "Rate limited" in error
-    assert "7" in error
     helpers.metadata_manager.save_metadata.assert_not_awaited()
     update_cache.assert_not_awaited()
     helpers.provider_selector.assert_not_awaited()

tests/services/test_model_metadata_provider.py

@@ -63,7 +63,8 @@ async def test_fallback_retries_same_provider_on_rate_limit(monkeypatch):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_fallback_respects_retry_limit(monkeypatch):
+async def test_fallback_continues_to_next_provider_on_rate_limit(monkeypatch):
+    """After exhausting retries on primary, fallback should continue to secondary."""
     sleep_mock = AsyncMock()
     monkeypatch.setattr(provider_module.asyncio, "sleep", sleep_mock)
     monkeypatch.setattr(provider_module.random, "uniform", lambda *_: 0.0)
@@ -76,13 +77,13 @@ async def test_fallback_respects_retry_limit(monkeypatch):
         rate_limit_retry_limit=2,
     )
 
-    with pytest.raises(RateLimitError) as exc_info:
-        await fallback.get_model_by_hash("abc")
+    # After Change A: no longer raises; falls through to secondary
+    result, error = await fallback.get_model_by_hash("abc")
 
-    assert exc_info.value.provider == "primary"
-    assert primary.calls == 2
-    assert secondary.calls == 0
-    sleep_mock.assert_awaited_once()
+    assert error is None
+    assert result == {"id": "secondary"}
+    assert primary.calls == 2          # retry_limit exhausted on primary
+    assert secondary.calls == 1        # secondary IS called now
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -117,3 +118,40 @@ async def test_rate_limit_retrying_provider_respects_limit(monkeypatch):
     assert exc_info.value.provider == "inner"
     assert inner.calls == 2
     sleep_mock.assert_awaited_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_retry_helper_limits_retries_for_large_retry_after():
+    """With retry_after >= 120s, _RateLimitRetryHelper should only attempt once (no retries)."""
+    calls = 0
+
+    async def failing():
+        nonlocal calls
+        calls += 1
+        raise RateLimitError("limited", retry_after=1500.0)
+
+    helper = provider_module._RateLimitRetryHelper(retry_limit=3)
+    with pytest.raises(RateLimitError):
+        await helper.run("test", failing)
+    assert calls == 1  # No retries for large retry_after
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_retry_helper_retries_normally_for_small_retry_after(monkeypatch):
+    """With retry_after < 120s, _RateLimitRetryHelper should retry normally (up to limit)."""
+    sleep_mock = AsyncMock()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(provider_module.asyncio, "sleep", sleep_mock)
+
+    calls = 0
+
+    async def succeeding():
+        nonlocal calls
+        calls += 1
+        if calls == 1:
+            raise RateLimitError("limited", retry_after=30.0)
+        return {"ok": True}, None
+
+    helper = provider_module._RateLimitRetryHelper(retry_limit=3)
+    result, _ = await helper.run("test", succeeding)
+    assert result == {"ok": True}
+    assert calls == 2  # Retried once (small retry_after)

tests/utils/test_exif_utils.py

@@ -141,3 +141,150 @@ def test_update_image_metadata_preserves_png_workflow(tmp_path):
             img.info["parameters"]
             == 'prompt text\nRecipe metadata: {"title":"recipe"}'
         )
+
+
+# --- ISOBMFF / brotli extraction tests ---
+
+import struct
+
+import brotli
+
+
+def _build_jxl_with_brob(payload_json: dict) -> bytes:
+    """Build a minimal JXL container with a brob box containing brotli-compressed JSON."""
+    # ISOBMFF box 1: JXL signature box (size=12, type='JXL ', signature)
+    box1 = struct.pack(">I", 12) + b"JXL " + bytes([0x0d, 0x0a, 0x87, 0x0a])
+    # ISOBMFF box 2: ftyp (size=16, type='ftyp', major='jxl ', minor=0)
+    box2 = struct.pack(">I", 16) + b"ftyp" + b"jxl " + struct.pack(">I", 0)
+    # ISOBMFF box 3: brob — payload is b'comf' + brotli(json)
+    compressed = brotli.compress(json.dumps(payload_json).encode("utf-8"))
+    brob_payload = b"comf" + compressed
+    box3 = struct.pack(">I", 8 + len(brob_payload)) + b"brob" + brob_payload
+    return box1 + box2 + box3
+
+
+def _build_avif_with_brob(payload_json: dict) -> bytes:
+    """Build a minimal AVIF container with a brob box containing brotli-compressed JSON."""
+    compressed = brotli.compress(json.dumps(payload_json).encode("utf-8"))
+    brob_payload = b"comf" + compressed
+    ftyp_box = struct.pack(">I", 20) + b"ftyp" + b"avif" + struct.pack(">I", 0) + b"avif"
+    brob_box = struct.pack(">I", 8 + len(brob_payload)) + b"brob" + brob_payload
+    return ftyp_box + brob_box
+
+
+class TestIsobmffBrotliExtraction:
+    """Tests for ISOBMFF brotli metadata extraction in ExifUtils."""
+
+    def test_extract_jxl_brotli_happy_path(self, tmp_path):
+        """JXL container with valid brob box extracts prompt and workflow."""
+        payload = {"prompt": "a cute cat", "workflow": {"nodes": [{"id": 1}]}}
+        data = _build_jxl_with_brob(payload)
+        path = tmp_path / "test.jxl"
+        path.write_bytes(data)
+
+        result = ExifUtils._load_structured_metadata(str(path))
+
+        assert result["prompt"] == "a cute cat"
+        assert result["workflow"] == '{"nodes": [{"id": 1}]}'
+        assert result["parameters"] is None
+        assert result["comment"] is None
+
+    def test_extract_avif_brotli_happy_path(self, tmp_path):
+        """AVIF container with valid brob box extracts prompt and workflow."""
+        payload = {"prompt": "landscape", "workflow": {"nodes": []}}
+        data = _build_avif_with_brob(payload)
+        path = tmp_path / "test.avif"
+        path.write_bytes(data)
+
+        result = ExifUtils._load_structured_metadata(str(path))
+
+        assert result["prompt"] == "landscape"
+        assert result["workflow"] == '{"nodes": []}'
+
+    def test_extract_no_brob_box_returns_none(self, tmp_path):
+        """JXL container without a brob box returns None from _extract_isobmff_brotli."""
+        # Only JXL signature + ftyp, no brob
+        box1 = struct.pack(">I", 12) + b"JXL " + bytes([0x0d, 0x0a, 0x87, 0x0a])
+        box2 = struct.pack(">I", 16) + b"ftyp" + b"jxl " + struct.pack(">I", 0)
+        path = tmp_path / "test.jxl"
+        path.write_bytes(box1 + box2)
+
+        # The low-level extraction should return None (no brob box)
+        result = ExifUtils._extract_isobmff_brotli(str(path))
+        assert result is None
+
+    def test_extract_corrupt_brob_returns_none(self, tmp_path):
+        """Broken brob box payload gracefully returns None."""
+        box1 = struct.pack(">I", 12) + b"JXL " + bytes([0x0d, 0x0a, 0x87, 0x0a])
+        box2 = struct.pack(">I", 16) + b"ftyp" + b"jxl " + struct.pack(">I", 0)
+        # brob with garbage payload that doesn't start with b'comf'
+        garbage = b"\xff\xff\xff\xff" * 32
+        box3 = struct.pack(">I", 8 + len(garbage)) + b"brob" + garbage
+        path = tmp_path / "test.jxl"
+        path.write_bytes(box1 + box2 + box3)
+
+        result = ExifUtils._extract_isobmff_brotli(str(path))
+        assert result is None
+
+    def test_extract_non_isobmff_file_falls_through(self, tmp_path):
+        """A regular PNG file is not processed as ISOBMFF and returns PIL metadata."""
+        png_info = PngImagePlugin.PngInfo()
+        png_info.add_text("prompt", "from png")
+        path = tmp_path / "test.png"
+        Image.new("RGB", (4, 4), color="red").save(path, pnginfo=png_info)
+
+        result = ExifUtils._load_structured_metadata(str(path))
+        assert result["prompt"] == "from png"
+
+    def test_extract_skip_on_update_and_optimize(self, tmp_path):
+        """AVIF/JXL files are skipped for write operations (update/append/optimize)."""
+        path = tmp_path / "test.avif"
+        path.write_bytes(b"fake avif data")
+
+        # update_image_metadata should return the path unchanged
+        result = ExifUtils.update_image_metadata(str(path), "some metadata")
+        assert result == str(path)
+
+        # append_recipe_metadata should also skip
+        result = ExifUtils.append_recipe_metadata(str(path), {"title": "test"})
+        assert result == str(path)
+
+        # optimize_image should passthrough for AVIF/JXL paths
+        result_data, ext = ExifUtils.optimize_image(str(path))
+        assert ext == ".avif"
+        assert result_data == b"fake avif data"
+
+    def test_extract_prompt_as_dict(self, tmp_path):
+        """prompt field as dict is JSON-serialized."""
+        payload = {"prompt": {"text": "hello", "negative": "bad"}}
+        data = _build_jxl_with_brob(payload)
+        path = tmp_path / "test.jxl"
+        path.write_bytes(data)
+
+        result = ExifUtils._load_structured_metadata(str(path))
+        assert json.loads(result["prompt"]) == {"text": "hello", "negative": "bad"}
+
+    def test_extract_workflow_as_list(self, tmp_path):
+        """workflow field as list is JSON-serialized."""
+        payload = {"workflow": [{"id": 1}, {"id": 2}]}
+        data = _build_avif_with_brob(payload)
+        path = tmp_path / "test.avif"
+        path.write_bytes(data)
+
+        result = ExifUtils._load_structured_metadata(str(path))
+        assert json.loads(result["workflow"]) == [{"id": 1}, {"id": 2}]
+
+    def test_over_decompressed_size_limit(self, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+        """Decompressed data exceeding _BROTLI_MAX_DECOMPRESSED is rejected."""
+        # Monkey-patch the limit to a small value to avoid large test data
+        monkeypatch.setattr(ExifUtils, "_BROTLI_MAX_DECOMPRESSED", 100)
+
+        large_content = "x" * 200
+        payload = {"prompt": large_content}
+        data = _build_jxl_with_brob(payload)
+        path = tmp_path / "test.jxl"
+        path.write_bytes(data)
+
+        # Direct extraction should return None because decompressed size exceeds limit
+        result = ExifUtils._extract_isobmff_brotli(str(path))
+        assert result is None