feat(recipes): skip rate-limited batch-import items and register download 429s (#1085)

Phase 2 of docs/plans/issue-1085-rate-limit-design.md:

- Batch import: items that fail due to vendor rate limiting are now
  SKIPPED with a "re-run the import later" hint instead of FAILED, so a
  transient 429 no longer pollutes failure accounting; the progress
  broadcast carries a rate_limited flag.
- Batch import UI: show a one-time "rate limited — slowing down" toast
  and swap the running status text while rate_limited; i18n keys synced
  to all locales.
- Downloader: download_file / download_to_memory / get_response_headers
  register 429 cooldowns with the RateLimitCoordinator, so subsequent
  API calls queue behind a download-triggered rate-limit window.

docs/plans/issue-1085-rate-limit-design.md

@@ -2,10 +2,14 @@
 
 **Issue:** [#1085 — Large Recipe Ingest Appears to not abide by vendor rate limits, possibly a few other errors?](https://github.com/willmiao/ComfyUI-Lora-Manager/issues/1085)
 **Status:** v2 — reviewed; decisions recorded in §10. **Phase 1 implemented**
-(2026-08-27): coordinator + downloader gate + Fix C failover semantics +
+(2026-08-27, commit `c2a2048c`): coordinator + downloader gate + Fix C
-helper double-wait fix + settings; full regression 2385 passed. Changes vs v1:
+failover semantics + helper double-wait fix + settings. **Phase 2
-Fix C moved to Phase 1, helper double-wait resolved in Phase 1, gate/guard
+implemented** (2026-08-27): batch-import rate-limit failures map to
-ordering specified, WebSocket slowdown hint confirmed in scope (Phase 2).
+`SKIPPED` + `rate_limited` WebSocket flag + UI slowdown hint (toast + status
+text, i18n keys synced); `download_to_memory` / `get_response_headers` /
+`download_file` register 429 cooldowns. Changes vs v1: Fix C moved to
+Phase 1, helper double-wait resolved in Phase 1, gate/guard ordering
+specified.
 **Scope:** HTTP API traffic to CivitAI (`civitai.red`) and CivArchive (`civarchive.com`) from metadata fetching (bulk refresh, metadata sync, recipe analysis/enrichment, usage-control lookups). Large binary downloads (model files / preview images via `download_file`) are out of scope for *pacing* (they are already single-connection transfers) but their 429 responses should still be *registered*.
 
 > Context: a first batch of fixes for this issue was already committed as

locales/de.json

@@ -1033,6 +1033,8 @@
             "start": "Start Import",
             "startImport": "Start Import",
             "importing": "Importing...",
+            "rateLimitedSlowdown": "[TODO: Translate] Rate limited — slowing down...",
+            "rateLimitedHint": "[TODO: Translate] Some items were skipped due to metadata provider rate limits. Re-run the import later to retry them.",
             "progress": "Progress",
             "total": "Total",
             "success": "Success",
@@ -2038,6 +2040,7 @@
             "batchImportCancelFailed": "Failed to cancel batch import: {message}",
             "batchImportNoUrls": "Please enter at least one URL or file path",
             "batchImportNoDirectory": "Please enter a directory path",
+            "batchImportRateLimited": "[TODO: Translate] Metadata provider rate limit reached — requests are being slowed and some items may be skipped. You can re-run the import later.",
             "batchImportBrowseFailed": "Failed to browse directory: {message}",
             "batchImportDirectorySelected": "Directory selected: {path}",
             "noRecipesSelected": "Keine Rezepte ausgewählt",

locales/en.json

@@ -1033,6 +1033,8 @@
       "start": "Start Import",
       "startImport": "Start Import",
       "importing": "Importing...",
+      "rateLimitedSlowdown": "Rate limited — slowing down...",
+      "rateLimitedHint": "Some items were skipped due to metadata provider rate limits. Re-run the import later to retry them.",
       "progress": "Progress",
       "total": "Total",
       "success": "Success",
@@ -2038,6 +2040,7 @@
       "batchImportCancelFailed": "Failed to cancel batch import: {message}",
       "batchImportNoUrls": "Please enter at least one URL or file path",
       "batchImportNoDirectory": "Please enter a directory path",
+      "batchImportRateLimited": "Metadata provider rate limit reached — requests are being slowed and some items may be skipped. You can re-run the import later.",
       "batchImportBrowseFailed": "Failed to browse directory: {message}",
       "batchImportDirectorySelected": "Directory selected: {path}",
       "noRecipesSelected": "No recipes selected",

locales/es.json

@@ -1033,6 +1033,8 @@
             "start": "Start Import",
             "startImport": "Start Import",
             "importing": "Importing...",
+            "rateLimitedSlowdown": "[TODO: Translate] Rate limited — slowing down...",
+            "rateLimitedHint": "[TODO: Translate] Some items were skipped due to metadata provider rate limits. Re-run the import later to retry them.",
             "progress": "Progress",
             "total": "Total",
             "success": "Success",
@@ -2038,6 +2040,7 @@
             "batchImportCancelFailed": "Failed to cancel batch import: {message}",
             "batchImportNoUrls": "Please enter at least one URL or file path",
             "batchImportNoDirectory": "Please enter a directory path",
+            "batchImportRateLimited": "[TODO: Translate] Metadata provider rate limit reached — requests are being slowed and some items may be skipped. You can re-run the import later.",
             "batchImportBrowseFailed": "Failed to browse directory: {message}",
             "batchImportDirectorySelected": "Directory selected: {path}",
             "noRecipesSelected": "No se han seleccionado recetas",

locales/fr.json

@@ -1033,6 +1033,8 @@
             "start": "Start Import",
             "startImport": "Start Import",
             "importing": "Importing...",
+            "rateLimitedSlowdown": "[TODO: Translate] Rate limited — slowing down...",
+            "rateLimitedHint": "[TODO: Translate] Some items were skipped due to metadata provider rate limits. Re-run the import later to retry them.",
             "progress": "Progress",
             "total": "Total",
             "success": "Success",
@@ -2038,6 +2040,7 @@
             "batchImportCancelFailed": "Failed to cancel batch import: {message}",
             "batchImportNoUrls": "Please enter at least one URL or file path",
             "batchImportNoDirectory": "Please enter a directory path",
+            "batchImportRateLimited": "[TODO: Translate] Metadata provider rate limit reached — requests are being slowed and some items may be skipped. You can re-run the import later.",
             "batchImportBrowseFailed": "Failed to browse directory: {message}",
             "batchImportDirectorySelected": "Directory selected: {path}",
             "noRecipesSelected": "Aucune recette sélectionnée",

locales/he.json

@@ -1033,6 +1033,8 @@
             "start": "Start Import",
             "startImport": "Start Import",
             "importing": "Importing...",
+            "rateLimitedSlowdown": "[TODO: Translate] Rate limited — slowing down...",
+            "rateLimitedHint": "[TODO: Translate] Some items were skipped due to metadata provider rate limits. Re-run the import later to retry them.",
             "progress": "Progress",
             "total": "Total",
             "success": "Success",
@@ -2038,6 +2040,7 @@
             "batchImportCancelFailed": "Failed to cancel batch import: {message}",
             "batchImportNoUrls": "Please enter at least one URL or file path",
             "batchImportNoDirectory": "Please enter a directory path",
+            "batchImportRateLimited": "[TODO: Translate] Metadata provider rate limit reached — requests are being slowed and some items may be skipped. You can re-run the import later.",
             "batchImportBrowseFailed": "Failed to browse directory: {message}",
             "batchImportDirectorySelected": "Directory selected: {path}",
             "noRecipesSelected": "לא נבחרו מתכונים",

locales/ja.json

@@ -1033,6 +1033,8 @@
             "start": "Start Import",
             "startImport": "Start Import",
             "importing": "Importing...",
+            "rateLimitedSlowdown": "[TODO: Translate] Rate limited — slowing down...",
+            "rateLimitedHint": "[TODO: Translate] Some items were skipped due to metadata provider rate limits. Re-run the import later to retry them.",
             "progress": "Progress",
             "total": "Total",
             "success": "Success",
@@ -2038,6 +2040,7 @@
             "batchImportCancelFailed": "Failed to cancel batch import: {message}",
             "batchImportNoUrls": "Please enter at least one URL or file path",
             "batchImportNoDirectory": "Please enter a directory path",
+            "batchImportRateLimited": "[TODO: Translate] Metadata provider rate limit reached — requests are being slowed and some items may be skipped. You can re-run the import later.",
             "batchImportBrowseFailed": "Failed to browse directory: {message}",
             "batchImportDirectorySelected": "Directory selected: {path}",
             "noRecipesSelected": "レシピが選択されていません",

locales/ko.json

@@ -1033,6 +1033,8 @@
             "start": "Start Import",
             "startImport": "Start Import",
             "importing": "Importing...",
+            "rateLimitedSlowdown": "[TODO: Translate] Rate limited — slowing down...",
+            "rateLimitedHint": "[TODO: Translate] Some items were skipped due to metadata provider rate limits. Re-run the import later to retry them.",
             "progress": "Progress",
             "total": "Total",
             "success": "Success",
@@ -2038,6 +2040,7 @@
             "batchImportCancelFailed": "Failed to cancel batch import: {message}",
             "batchImportNoUrls": "Please enter at least one URL or file path",
             "batchImportNoDirectory": "Please enter a directory path",
+            "batchImportRateLimited": "[TODO: Translate] Metadata provider rate limit reached — requests are being slowed and some items may be skipped. You can re-run the import later.",
             "batchImportBrowseFailed": "Failed to browse directory: {message}",
             "batchImportDirectorySelected": "Directory selected: {path}",
             "noRecipesSelected": "선택한 레시피가 없습니다",

locales/ru.json

@@ -1033,6 +1033,8 @@
             "start": "Start Import",
             "startImport": "Start Import",
             "importing": "Importing...",
+            "rateLimitedSlowdown": "[TODO: Translate] Rate limited — slowing down...",
+            "rateLimitedHint": "[TODO: Translate] Some items were skipped due to metadata provider rate limits. Re-run the import later to retry them.",
             "progress": "Progress",
             "total": "Total",
             "success": "Success",
@@ -2038,6 +2040,7 @@
             "batchImportCancelFailed": "Failed to cancel batch import: {message}",
             "batchImportNoUrls": "Please enter at least one URL or file path",
             "batchImportNoDirectory": "Please enter a directory path",
+            "batchImportRateLimited": "[TODO: Translate] Metadata provider rate limit reached — requests are being slowed and some items may be skipped. You can re-run the import later.",
             "batchImportBrowseFailed": "Failed to browse directory: {message}",
             "batchImportDirectorySelected": "Directory selected: {path}",
             "noRecipesSelected": "Рецепты не выбраны",

locales/zh-CN.json

@@ -1033,6 +1033,8 @@
             "start": "开始导入",
             "startImport": "开始导入",
             "importing": "正在导入配方...",
+            "rateLimitedSlowdown": "[TODO: Translate] Rate limited — slowing down...",
+            "rateLimitedHint": "[TODO: Translate] Some items were skipped due to metadata provider rate limits. Re-run the import later to retry them.",
             "progress": "进度",
             "total": "总计",
             "success": "成功",
@@ -2038,6 +2040,7 @@
             "batchImportCancelFailed": "取消批量导入失败：{message}",
             "batchImportNoUrls": "请输入至少一个 URL 或文件路径",
             "batchImportNoDirectory": "请输入目录路径",
+            "batchImportRateLimited": "[TODO: Translate] Metadata provider rate limit reached — requests are being slowed and some items may be skipped. You can re-run the import later.",
             "batchImportBrowseFailed": "浏览目录失败：{message}",
             "batchImportDirectorySelected": "已选择目录：{path}",
             "noRecipesSelected": "未选择任何配方",

locales/zh-TW.json

@@ -1033,6 +1033,8 @@
             "start": "開始匯入",
             "startImport": "開始匯入",
             "importing": "匯入中...",
+            "rateLimitedSlowdown": "[TODO: Translate] Rate limited — slowing down...",
+            "rateLimitedHint": "[TODO: Translate] Some items were skipped due to metadata provider rate limits. Re-run the import later to retry them.",
             "progress": "進度",
             "total": "總計",
             "success": "成功",
@@ -2038,6 +2040,7 @@
             "batchImportCancelFailed": "取消批量匯入失敗：{message}",
             "batchImportNoUrls": "請輸入至少一個 URL 或檔案路徑",
             "batchImportNoDirectory": "請輸入目錄路徑",
+            "batchImportRateLimited": "[TODO: Translate] Metadata provider rate limit reached — requests are being slowed and some items may be skipped. You can re-run the import later.",
             "batchImportBrowseFailed": "瀏覽目錄失敗：{message}",
             "batchImportDirectorySelected": "已選擇目錄：{path}",
             "noRecipesSelected": "未選取任何食譜",

py/services/batch_import_service.py

@@ -71,6 +71,9 @@ class BatchImportProgress:
     tags: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
     skip_no_metadata: bool = False
     skip_duplicates: bool = False
+    # Set once any item is skipped due to vendor rate limiting (#1085); lets
+    # the UI surface a "slowing down / try again later" hint.
+    rate_limited: bool = False
 
     def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         return {
@@ -82,6 +85,7 @@ class BatchImportProgress:
             "skipped": self.skipped,
             "current_item": self.current_item,
             "status": self.status,
+            "rate_limited": self.rate_limited,
             "started_at": self.started_at,
             "finished_at": self.finished_at,
             "progress_percent": round((self.completed / self.total) * 100, 1)
@@ -383,6 +387,13 @@ class BatchImportService:
         ext = os.path.splitext(filename)[1].lower()
         return ext in self.SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_rate_limit_error(error: Optional[str]) -> bool:
+        """Return True when an error payload represents vendor rate limiting."""
+        if not error:
+            return False
+        return "rate limit" in error.lower()
+
     async def _run_batch_import(
         self,
         *,
@@ -441,6 +452,17 @@ class BatchImportService:
                     item.status = ImportStatus.SKIPPED
                     item.error_message = result.get("error")
                     progress.skipped += 1
+                elif self._is_rate_limit_error(result.get("error")):
+                    # Vendor rate limit is a transient, external condition —
+                    # do not pollute the failure count with it (#1085). The
+                    # import can simply be re-run later.
+                    item.status = ImportStatus.SKIPPED
+                    item.error_message = (
+                        f"Rate limited by metadata provider; "
+                        f"re-run the import later ({result.get('error')})"
+                    )
+                    progress.skipped += 1
+                    progress.rate_limited = True
                 else:
                     item.status = ImportStatus.FAILED
                     item.error_message = result.get("error")
@@ -448,9 +470,18 @@ class BatchImportService:
 
             except Exception as e:
                 self._logger.error(f"Error importing {item.source}: {e}")
+                item.duration = time.time() - start_time
+                if self._is_rate_limit_error(str(e)):
+                    item.status = ImportStatus.SKIPPED
+                    item.error_message = (
+                        f"Rate limited by metadata provider; "
+                        f"re-run the import later ({e})"
+                    )
+                    progress.skipped += 1
+                    progress.rate_limited = True
+                else:
                     item.status = ImportStatus.FAILED
                     item.error_message = str(e)
-                item.duration = time.time() - start_time
                     progress.failed += 1
                 self._concurrency_controller.record_result(item.duration, False)
                 await self._concurrency_controller.apply_concurrency()

py/services/downloader.py

@@ -596,6 +596,21 @@ class Downloader:
                             False,
                             "File not found - the download link may be invalid or expired.",
                         )
+                    elif response.status == 429:
+                        # Register the vendor's cooldown so API calls through
+                        # make_request queue behind it (#1085). The download
+                        # itself fails as before; retry policy stays with the
+                        # caller (download manager).
+                        retry_after = self._extract_retry_after(response.headers)
+                        coordinator = await RateLimitCoordinator.get_instance()
+                        if coordinator.enabled:
+                            coordinator.register_rate_limit(
+                                self._guard_destination(url), retry_after
+                            )
+                        logger.warning(
+                            f"Rate limited (429) for {url}, retry_after={retry_after}"
+                        )
+                        return False, f"Download rate limited (429), retry after {retry_after}s"
                     else:
                         logger.error(
                             f"Download failed for {url} with status {response.status}"
@@ -973,6 +988,11 @@ class Downloader:
                 elif response.status == 429:
                     raw_retry_after = response.headers.get("Retry-After")
                     retry_after = _parse_retry_after(raw_retry_after or "")
+                    # Register the vendor's cooldown so API calls through
+                    # make_request queue behind it (#1085).
+                    coordinator = await RateLimitCoordinator.get_instance()
+                    if coordinator.enabled:
+                        coordinator.register_rate_limit(destination, retry_after)
                     if raw_retry_after:
                         logger.warning(
                             "Rate limited (429) for %s, Retry-After: %ss", url, retry_after
@@ -1042,6 +1062,14 @@ class Downloader:
                 if response.status == 200:
                     guard.register_success(destination)
                     return True, dict(response.headers)
+                elif response.status == 429:
+                    # Register the vendor's cooldown so API calls through
+                    # make_request queue behind it (#1085).
+                    retry_after = self._extract_retry_after(response.headers)
+                    coordinator = await RateLimitCoordinator.get_instance()
+                    if coordinator.enabled:
+                        coordinator.register_rate_limit(destination, retry_after)
+                    return False, f"Head request rate limited (429), retry after {retry_after}s"
                 else:
                     return False, f"Head request failed with status {response.status}"
 

static/js/managers/BatchImportManager.js

@@ -427,6 +427,12 @@ export class BatchImportManager {
         this.progress = progress;
         this.updateProgressUI(progress);
 
+        // Surface vendor rate limiting once per import (#1085): requests are
+        // being paced and some items may be skipped rather than failed.
+        if (progress.rate_limited && !(prev && prev.rate_limited)) {
+            showToast('toast.recipes.batchImportRateLimited', {}, 'warning');
+        }
+
         // Only log when something actually changed (and on the first update),
         // so per-second polling does not spam the console with identical lines.
         const changed =
@@ -495,7 +501,9 @@ export class BatchImportManager {
         const statusText = document.getElementById('batchStatusText');
         if (statusText) {
             if (progress.status === 'running') {
-                statusText.textContent = translate('recipes.batchImport.importing', {}, 'Importing...');
+                statusText.textContent = progress.rate_limited
+                    ? translate('recipes.batchImport.rateLimitedSlowdown', {}, 'Rate limited — slowing down...')
+                    : translate('recipes.batchImport.importing', {}, 'Importing...');
             } else if (progress.status === 'completed') {
                 statusText.textContent = translate('recipes.batchImport.completed', {}, 'Import completed');
             } else if (progress.status === 'cancelled') {

tests/services/test_batch_import_service.py

@@ -655,3 +655,103 @@ class TestInputValidation:
         assert service._validate_local_path("../etc/passwd") is False
         assert service._validate_local_path("relative/path.png") is False
         assert service._validate_local_path("") is False
+
+
+class TestRateLimitSkipMapping:
+    """#1085: vendor rate limiting must mark items SKIPPED, not FAILED."""
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def mock_services(self):
+        ws_manager = MockWebSocketManager()
+        persistence_service = MockPersistenceService()
+        logger = logging.getLogger("test")
+        return ws_manager, persistence_service, logger
+
+    def test_is_rate_limit_error_matching(self):
+        assert BatchImportService._is_rate_limit_error("Rate limited") is True
+        assert BatchImportService._is_rate_limit_error(
+            "Rate limit wait for 'civarchive.com' exceeds the 300s cap"
+        ) is True
+        assert BatchImportService._is_rate_limit_error("Request rate limited") is True
+        assert BatchImportService._is_rate_limit_error("No metadata found") is False
+        assert BatchImportService._is_rate_limit_error(None) is False
+        assert BatchImportService._is_rate_limit_error("") is False
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_rate_limited_item_becomes_skipped_and_sets_flag(self, mock_services):
+        ws_manager, persistence_service, logger = mock_services
+        analysis_service = MockAnalysisService(
+            {
+                "https://example.com/limited.png": MockAnalysisResult(
+                    {"error": "Rate limited"}
+                ),
+            }
+        )
+        service = BatchImportService(
+            analysis_service=analysis_service,  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+            persistence_service=persistence_service,
+            ws_manager=ws_manager,
+            logger=logger,
+        )
+
+        operation_id = await service.start_batch_import(
+            recipe_scanner_getter=lambda: SimpleNamespace(),
+            civitai_client_getter=lambda: SimpleNamespace(),
+            items=[{"source": "https://example.com/limited.png"}],
+        )
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+
+        # The operation may already be cleaned up; inspect the broadcasts.
+        final = next(
+            (
+                b
+                for b in reversed(ws_manager.broadcasts)
+                if b.get("type") == "batch_import_progress"
+            ),
+            None,
+        )
+        assert final is not None
+        assert final["rate_limited"] is True
+        assert final["skipped"] == 1
+        assert final["failed"] == 0
+        item = final["items"][0]
+        assert item["status"] == "skipped"
+        assert "re-run the import later" in item["error_message"]
+        assert service.get_progress(operation_id) is None or True
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_non_rate_limit_error_stays_failed(self, mock_services):
+        ws_manager, persistence_service, logger = mock_services
+        analysis_service = MockAnalysisService(
+            {
+                "https://example.com/broken.png": MockAnalysisResult(
+                    {"error": "No metadata found"}
+                ),
+            }
+        )
+        service = BatchImportService(
+            analysis_service=analysis_service,  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+            persistence_service=persistence_service,
+            ws_manager=ws_manager,
+            logger=logger,
+        )
+
+        await service.start_batch_import(
+            recipe_scanner_getter=lambda: SimpleNamespace(),
+            civitai_client_getter=lambda: SimpleNamespace(),
+            items=[{"source": "https://example.com/broken.png"}],
+        )
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+
+        final = next(
+            (
+                b
+                for b in reversed(ws_manager.broadcasts)
+                if b.get("type") == "batch_import_progress"
+            ),
+            None,
+        )
+        assert final is not None
+        assert final["rate_limited"] is False
+        assert final["failed"] == 1
+        assert final["skipped"] == 0

tests/services/test_rate_limit_coordinator.py

@@ -188,6 +188,12 @@ class _FakeSession:
         assert self._responses, "unexpected extra request"
         return self._responses.pop(0)
 
+    def get(self, url, headers=None, **kwargs):
+        return self.request("GET", url, headers=headers, **kwargs)
+
+    def head(self, url, headers=None, **kwargs):
+        return self.request("HEAD", url, headers=headers, **kwargs)
+
     async def close(self):
         return None
 
@@ -310,7 +316,13 @@ def _stub_provider(*, result=None, error=None, exc: Exception | None = None):
     return SimpleNamespace(get_model_by_hash=call)
 
 
-async def test_fallback_does_not_fail_over_to_network_provider_on_429():
+async def test_fallback_does_not_fail_over_to_network_provider_on_429(monkeypatch):
+    # The stub error is not gate_handled, so the retry helper would sleep
+    # retry_after between attempts; patch it out (the helper's own behavior
+    # is covered by the double-wait tests below).
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "py.services.model_metadata_provider.asyncio.sleep", AsyncMock()
+    )
     civitai = _stub_provider(exc=RateLimitError("limited", retry_after=30))
     civarchive = _stub_provider(result={"id": 1}, error=None)
     sqlite = _stub_provider(result=None, error="not in archive")
@@ -398,3 +410,54 @@ async def test_retry_helper_keeps_legacy_retry_for_ungated_errors():
         await helper.run("civitai_api", failing)
 
     assert calls == 2  # legacy retry behavior unchanged
+
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Download-path 429 registration (Phase 2)
+
+
+class _FakeDownloadResponse(_FakeResponse):
+    async def read(self):
+        return b"data"
+
+
+async def test_download_to_memory_429_registers_cooldown(monkeypatch):
+    _patch_gate_settings(
+        monkeypatch,
+        rate_limit_gate_enabled=True,
+        rate_limit_min_interval_seconds=0.0,
+    )
+    downloader = _build_downloader(
+        [_FakeDownloadResponse(429, headers={"Retry-After": "120"})]
+    )
+
+    success, error, _ = await downloader.download_to_memory(
+        "https://api.example.com/preview.png"
+    )
+
+    assert success is False
+    assert "Rate limited" in error
+    coordinator = await RateLimitCoordinator.get_instance()
+    remaining = coordinator.remaining_seconds("api.example.com")
+    assert 110.0 < remaining <= 120.0
+
+
+async def test_get_response_headers_429_registers_cooldown(monkeypatch):
+    _patch_gate_settings(
+        monkeypatch,
+        rate_limit_gate_enabled=True,
+        rate_limit_min_interval_seconds=0.0,
+    )
+    downloader = _build_downloader(
+        [_FakeResponse(429, headers={"Retry-After": "60"})]
+    )
+
+    success, error = await downloader.get_response_headers(
+        "https://api.example.com/model/file.safetensors"
+    )
+
+    assert success is False
+    assert "rate limited" in error.lower()
+    coordinator = await RateLimitCoordinator.get_instance()
+    remaining = coordinator.remaining_seconds("api.example.com")
+    assert 50.0 < remaining <= 60.0