feat(delete): add undo toasts and harden delete modals

static/css/components/toast.css

@@ -80,6 +80,33 @@
     margin-top: 10px;
 }
 
+/* Action toast: ghost action button + countdown (e.g. Undo delete) */
+.toast-action-btn {
+    margin-left: auto;
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+    padding: 4px 12px;
+    background: transparent;
+    color: var(--lora-accent);
+    border: 1px solid var(--lora-accent);
+    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
+    font-size: 0.85em;
+    font-weight: 600;
+    cursor: pointer;
+    transition: background 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease;
+}
+
+.toast-action-btn:hover {
+    background: var(--lora-accent);
+    color: #fff;
+}
+
+.toast-countdown {
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+    font-size: 0.75em;
+    opacity: 0.65;
+    white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
 /* Responsive adjustments */
 @media (max-width: 768px) {
     .toast {

static/js/api/baseModelApi.js

@@ -201,8 +201,13 @@ export class BaseModelApiClient {
                 if (state.virtualScroller) {
                     state.virtualScroller.removeItemByFilePath(filePath);
                 }
-                showToast('toast.api.deleteSuccess', { type: this.apiConfig.config.displayName }, 'success');
+                const batchId = data.batch_id || null;
-                return true;
+                if (!batchId) {
+                    // Not staged (undo disabled or staging failed): keep the legacy toast.
+                    // When staged, the caller shows the undo action toast instead.
+                    showToast('toast.api.deleteSuccess', { type: this.apiConfig.config.displayName }, 'success');
+                }
+                return { success: true, batch_id: batchId };
             } else {
                 throw new Error(data.error || `Failed to delete ${this.apiConfig.config.singularName}`);
             }
@@ -1622,9 +1627,14 @@ export class BaseModelApiClient {
             if (result.success) {
                 return {
                     success: true,
-                    deleted_count: result.deleted_count,
+                    deleted_count: result.deleted_count ?? result.total_deleted,
                     failed_count: result.failed_count || 0,
-                    errors: result.errors || []
+                    errors: result.errors || [],
+                    // Undo batch fields — batch_id on merge success, batch_ids
+                    // array on merge failure (same success dict for the
+                    // status='cancelled' staged-subset path)
+                    batch_id: result.batch_id || null,
+                    batch_ids: result.batch_ids || null
                 };
             } else {
                 throw new Error(result.error || `Failed to delete ${this.apiConfig.config.displayName.toLowerCase()}s`);

static/js/api/recipeApi.js

@@ -657,6 +657,10 @@ export class RecipeSidebarApiClient {
                 deleted_count: result.total_deleted,
                 failed_count: result.total_failed || 0,
                 errors: result.failed || [],
+                // Undo batch fields — batch_id on merge success, batch_ids
+                // array on merge failure
+                batch_id: result.batch_id || null,
+                batch_ids: result.batch_ids || null,
             };
         } finally {
             state.loadingManager?.hide();

static/js/components/DuplicatesManager.js

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 // Duplicates Manager Component
-import { showToast } from '../utils/uiHelpers.js';
+import { showToast, showActionToast } from '../utils/uiHelpers.js';
+import { handleUndoDelete } from '../utils/undoHelpers.js';
+import { armDeleteButton } from '../utils/modalUtils.js';
 import { translate } from '../utils/i18nHelpers.js';
 import { RecipeCard } from './RecipeCard.js';
 import { state, getCurrentPageState } from '../state/index.js';
@@ -447,6 +449,7 @@ export class DuplicatesManager {
             
             // Use the modal manager to show the confirmation modal
             modalManager.showModal('duplicateDeleteModal');
+            armDeleteButton(document.getElementById('duplicateDeleteModal'));
         } catch (error) {
             console.error('Error preparing delete:', error);
             showToast('toast.duplicates.deleteError', { message: error.message }, 'error');
@@ -479,8 +482,34 @@ export class DuplicatesManager {
             if (!data.success) {
                 throw new Error(data.error || 'Unknown error deleting recipes');
             }
-            
+
-            showToast('toast.duplicates.deleteSuccess', { count: data.total_deleted, type: 'recipes' }, 'success');
+            const batchIds = !data.batch_id && Array.isArray(data.batch_ids) && data.batch_ids.length
+                ? data.batch_ids
+                : null;
+
+            if (data.batch_id || batchIds) {
+                // One undo action restores the whole selected group
+                const refreshFn = () => window.recipeManager.loadRecipes(true);
+                const onAction = data.batch_id
+                    ? () => handleUndoDelete(data.batch_id, refreshFn)
+                    : async () => {
+                        for (const id of batchIds) {
+                            const succeeded = await handleUndoDelete(id, null, { showToast: false, refresh: false });
+                            if (!succeeded) {
+                                showToast('toast.undo.failed', { error: '' }, 'error');
+                                return;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        refreshFn();
+                        showToast('toast.undo.restored', {}, 'success');
+                    };
+                showActionToast('toast.undo.deletedBulk', { count: data.total_deleted }, 'success', {
+                    actionText: translate('toast.undo.action'),
+                    onAction,
+                });
+            } else {
+                showToast('toast.duplicates.deleteSuccess', { count: data.total_deleted, type: 'recipes' }, 'success');
+            }
             
             // Exit duplicate mode if deletions were successful
             if (data.total_deleted > 0) {

static/js/components/ModelDuplicatesManager.js

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 // Model Duplicates Manager Component for LoRAs and Checkpoints
-import { showToast } from '../utils/uiHelpers.js';
+import { showToast, showActionToast } from '../utils/uiHelpers.js';
+import { handleUndoDelete } from '../utils/undoHelpers.js';
+import { armDeleteButton } from '../utils/modalUtils.js';
+import { translate } from '../utils/i18nHelpers.js';
 import { state, getCurrentPageState } from '../state/index.js';
 import { formatDate } from '../utils/formatters.js';
 import { resetAndReload} from '../api/modelApiFactory.js';
@@ -700,6 +703,7 @@ export class ModelDuplicatesManager {
             
             // Use the modal manager to show the confirmation modal
             modalManager.showModal('modelDuplicateDeleteModal');
+            armDeleteButton(document.getElementById('modelDuplicateDeleteModal'));
         } catch (error) {
             console.error('Error preparing delete:', error);
             showToast('toast.duplicates.deleteError', { message: error.message }, 'error');
@@ -732,8 +736,34 @@ export class ModelDuplicatesManager {
             if (!data.success) {
                 throw new Error(data.error || 'Unknown error deleting models');
             }
-            
+
-            showToast('toast.duplicates.deleteSuccess', { count: data.total_deleted, type: this.modelType }, 'success');
+            const batchIds = !data.batch_id && Array.isArray(data.batch_ids) && data.batch_ids.length
+                ? data.batch_ids
+                : null;
+
+            if (data.batch_id || batchIds) {
+                // One undo action restores the whole selected group
+                const refreshFn = () => resetAndReload(true);
+                const onAction = data.batch_id
+                    ? () => handleUndoDelete(data.batch_id, refreshFn)
+                    : async () => {
+                        for (const id of batchIds) {
+                            const succeeded = await handleUndoDelete(id, null, { showToast: false, refresh: false });
+                            if (!succeeded) {
+                                showToast('toast.undo.failed', { error: '' }, 'error');
+                                return;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        refreshFn();
+                        showToast('toast.undo.restored', {}, 'success');
+                    };
+                showActionToast('toast.undo.deletedBulk', { count: data.total_deleted }, 'success', {
+                    actionText: translate('toast.undo.action'),
+                    onAction,
+                });
+            } else {
+                showToast('toast.duplicates.deleteSuccess', { count: data.total_deleted, type: this.modelType }, 'success');
+            }
             
             // If models were successfully deleted
             if (data.total_deleted > 0) {

static/js/components/RecipeCard.js

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Recipe Card Component
-import { showToast, copyToClipboard, sendLoraToWorkflow } from '../utils/uiHelpers.js';
+import { showToast, showActionToast, copyToClipboard, sendLoraToWorkflow } from '../utils/uiHelpers.js';
 import { updateRecipeMetadata } from '../api/recipeApi.js';
 import { configureModelCardVideo } from './shared/ModelCard.js';
 import { modalManager } from '../managers/ModalManager.js';
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ import { getCurrentPageState } from '../state/index.js';
 import { state } from '../state/index.js';
 import { bulkManager } from '../managers/BulkManager.js';
 import { NSFW_LEVELS, getBaseModelAbbreviation, getMatureBlurThreshold } from '../utils/constants.js';
+import { translate } from '../utils/i18nHelpers.js';
+import { handleUndoDelete } from '../utils/undoHelpers.js';
+import { armDeleteButton } from '../utils/modalUtils.js';
 
 class RecipeCard {
     constructor(recipe, clickHandler) {
@@ -375,8 +378,13 @@ class RecipeCard {
             `;
 
             // Show the modal with custom content and setup callbacks
+            let deleteArmTimer = null;
             modalManager.showModal('deleteModal', deleteModalContent, () => {
                 // This is the onClose callback
+                if (deleteArmTimer) {
+                    clearTimeout(deleteArmTimer);
+                    deleteArmTimer = null;
+                }
                 const deleteModal = document.getElementById('deleteModal');
                 const deleteBtn = deleteModal.querySelector('.delete-btn');
                 deleteBtn.textContent = 'Delete';
@@ -396,6 +404,8 @@ class RecipeCard {
             cancelBtn.onclick = () => modalManager.closeModal('deleteModal');
             deleteBtn.onclick = () => this.confirmDeleteRecipe();
 
+            deleteArmTimer = armDeleteButton(deleteModal);
+
         } catch (error) {
             console.error('Error showing delete confirmation:', error);
             showToast('toast.recipes.deleteConfirmationError', {}, 'error');
@@ -432,7 +442,16 @@ class RecipeCard {
                 return response.json();
             })
             .then(data => {
-                showToast('toast.recipes.deletedSuccessfully', {}, 'success');
+                if (data.batch_id) {
+                    // Staged delete: offer undo instead of the plain success toast
+                    const batchId = data.batch_id;
+                    showActionToast('toast.undo.deleted', { name: this.recipe.title }, 'success', {
+                        actionText: translate('toast.undo.action'),
+                        onAction: () => handleUndoDelete(batchId, () => window.recipeManager.loadRecipes(true)),
+                    });
+                } else {
+                    showToast('toast.recipes.deletedSuccessfully', {}, 'success');
+                }
 
                 state.virtualScroller.removeItemByFilePath(deleteModal.dataset.filePath);
 

static/js/managers/BulkManager.js

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import { state, getCurrentPageState } from '../state/index.js';
-import { showToast, copyToClipboard, sendLoraToWorkflow, sendEmbeddingToWorkflow, buildLoraSyntax, getNSFWLevelName } from '../utils/uiHelpers.js';
+import { showToast, showActionToast, copyToClipboard, sendLoraToWorkflow, sendEmbeddingToWorkflow, buildLoraSyntax, getNSFWLevelName } from '../utils/uiHelpers.js';
+import { handleUndoDelete } from '../utils/undoHelpers.js';
+import { armDeleteButton } from '../utils/modalUtils.js';
 import { updateCardsForBulkMode } from '../components/shared/ModelCard.js';
 import { modalManager } from './ModalManager.js';
 import { getModelApiClient, resetAndReload } from '../api/modelApiFactory.js';
@@ -628,6 +630,7 @@ export class BulkManager {
         }
 
         modalManager.showModal('bulkDeleteModal');
+        armDeleteButton(document.getElementById('bulkDeleteModal'));
     }
 
     async confirmBulkDelete() {
@@ -649,10 +652,38 @@ export class BulkManager {
                 showToast('toast.api.operationCancelled', {}, 'info');
             } else if (result.success) {
                 const currentConfig = this.getCurrentDisplayConfig();
-                showToast('toast.models.deletedSuccessfully', {
+                const isRecipes = state.currentPageType === 'recipes';
-                    count: result.deleted_count,
+                const refreshFn = isRecipes
-                    type: currentConfig.displayName.toLowerCase()
+                    ? () => window.recipeManager.loadRecipes(true)
-                }, 'success');
+                    : () => resetAndReload(true);
+
+                if (result.batch_id || (result.batch_ids && result.batch_ids.length)) {
+                    // One undo action for the whole bulk action — the backend
+                    // merges staged per-file batches into a single batch, with
+                    // a batch_ids fallback array when the merge failed
+                    const onAction = result.batch_id
+                        ? () => handleUndoDelete(result.batch_id, refreshFn)
+                        : async () => {
+                            for (const id of result.batch_ids) {
+                                const succeeded = await handleUndoDelete(id, null, { showToast: false, refresh: false });
+                                if (!succeeded) {
+                                    showToast('toast.undo.failed', { error: '' }, 'error');
+                                    return;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            refreshFn();
+                            showToast('toast.undo.restored', {}, 'success');
+                        };
+                    showActionToast('toast.undo.deletedBulk', { count: result.deleted_count }, 'success', {
+                        actionText: translate('toast.undo.action'),
+                        onAction,
+                    });
+                } else {
+                    showToast('toast.models.deletedSuccessfully', {
+                        count: result.deleted_count,
+                        type: currentConfig.displayName.toLowerCase()
+                    }, 'success');
+                }
 
                 filePaths.forEach(path => {
                     state.virtualScroller.removeItemByFilePath(path);

static/js/managers/ModalManager.js

@@ -434,6 +434,22 @@ export class ModalManager {
         this.currentOpenModal = id; // Update currently open modal
         document.body.style.top = `-${this.scrollPosition}px`;
         document.body.classList.add('modal-open');
+
+        modal.restoreFocusTo = null;
+        if (this._isDeleteConfirmModal(modal.element)) {
+            const activeElement = document.activeElement;
+            modal.restoreFocusTo = activeElement && activeElement !== document.body
+                ? activeElement
+                : null;
+            modal.element.querySelector('.cancel-btn')?.focus();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Several non-delete modals share the delete-modal styling class, so an
+    // actual .delete-btn is required before focus is moved to Cancel.
+    _isDeleteConfirmModal(element) {
+        return element.classList.contains('delete-modal') &&
+            Boolean(element.querySelector('.delete-btn'));
     }
 
     closeModal(id) {
@@ -463,6 +479,13 @@ export class ModalManager {
             modal.cleanupCallback();
             modal.cleanupCallback = null;
         }
+
+        if (modal.restoreFocusTo) {
+            if (modal.restoreFocusTo.isConnected) {
+                modal.restoreFocusTo.focus();
+            }
+            modal.restoreFocusTo = null;
+        }
     }
 
     handleEscape(e) {

static/js/utils/modalUtils.js

@@ -1,37 +1,84 @@
 import { modalManager } from '../managers/ModalManager.js';
-import { getModelApiClient } from '../api/modelApiFactory.js';
+import { getModelApiClient, resetAndReload } from '../api/modelApiFactory.js';
+import { showActionToast } from './uiHelpers.js';
+import { translate } from './i18nHelpers.js';
+import { handleUndoDelete } from './undoHelpers.js';
+import { state } from '../state/index.js';
+import { formatFileSize } from '../components/shared/utils.js';
+
+const DELETE_BUTTON_ARM_DELAY_MS = 1500;
 
 let pendingDeletePath = null;
+let pendingDeleteName = null;
 let pendingExcludePath = null;
+let pendingDeleteArmTimer = null;
+
+// Delay-activates every delete button inside a delete-confirmation modal so a
+// misclick in the first moments after opening cannot confirm the deletion.
+// Returns the pending timeout id so callers can cancel it when the modal closes early.
+export function armDeleteButton(modalElement, delayMs = DELETE_BUTTON_ARM_DELAY_MS) {
+    if (!modalElement) return null;
+
+    const deleteButtons = modalElement.querySelectorAll('.delete-btn');
+    if (!deleteButtons.length) return null;
+
+    deleteButtons.forEach((button) => { button.disabled = true; });
+
+    return setTimeout(() => {
+        deleteButtons.forEach((button) => { button.disabled = false; });
+    }, delayMs);
+}
 
 export function showDeleteModal(filePath) {
     pendingDeletePath = filePath;
-    
+
     const escapedPath = window.CSS && typeof window.CSS.escape === 'function'
         ? window.CSS.escape(filePath)
         : filePath.replace(/["\\]/g, '\\$&');
     const card = document.querySelector(`.model-card[data-filepath="${escapedPath}"]`);
     const modelName = card ? card.dataset.name : filePath.split('/').pop();
+    pendingDeleteName = modelName;
     const modal = modalManager.getModal('deleteModal').element;
     const modelInfo = modal.querySelector('.delete-model-info');
-    
+
+    const undoEnabled = state.global?.settings?.delete_undo_enabled;
+    const warningKey = undoEnabled
+        ? 'modals.deleteModel.recoverableWarning'
+        : 'modals.deleteModel.permanentWarning';
+    const fileSize = card?.dataset.file_size;
+    const sizeLine = fileSize
+        ? `<br>${translate('modals.deleteModel.freesSpace', { size: formatFileSize(parseInt(fileSize, 10)) })}`
+        : '';
+
     modelInfo.innerHTML = `
         <strong>Model:</strong> ${modelName}
         <br>
         <strong>File:</strong> ${filePath}
+        <br>
+        ${translate(warningKey)}${sizeLine}
     `;
-    
+
     modalManager.showModal('deleteModal');
+    pendingDeleteArmTimer = armDeleteButton(modal);
 }
 
 export async function confirmDelete() {
     if (!pendingDeletePath) return;
-    
+
     try {
-        await getModelApiClient().deleteModel(pendingDeletePath);
+        const modelName = pendingDeleteName;
-        
+        const result = await getModelApiClient().deleteModel(pendingDeletePath);
+
         closeDeleteModal();
 
+        if (result?.batch_id) {
+            const batchId = result.batch_id;
+            showActionToast('toast.undo.deleted', { name: modelName }, 'success', {
+                actionText: translate('toast.undo.action'),
+                onAction: () => handleUndoDelete(batchId, () => resetAndReload(true)),
+            });
+        }
+
         if (window.modelDuplicatesManager) {
             window.modelDuplicatesManager.updateDuplicatesBadgeAfterRefresh();
         }
@@ -43,7 +90,12 @@ export async function confirmDelete() {
 
 export function closeDeleteModal() {
     modalManager.closeModal('deleteModal');
+    if (pendingDeleteArmTimer) {
+        clearTimeout(pendingDeleteArmTimer);
+        pendingDeleteArmTimer = null;
+    }
     pendingDeletePath = null;
+    pendingDeleteName = null;
 }
 
 // Functions for the exclude modal

static/js/utils/uiHelpers.js

@@ -133,15 +133,28 @@ export async function copyToClipboard(text, successMessage = null) {
   }
 }
 
-export function showToast(key, params = {}, type = 'info', fallback = null) {
+/**
-  // Plain messages (contain spaces) are not i18n dot-notation keys — use verbatim
+ * Build a toast element (internal — not exported).
-  // to avoid spurious "Translation key not found" warnings from i18next
+ * @param {string} message - Already-resolved message text
-  const isPlainMessage = typeof key === 'string' && /\s/.test(key);
+ * @param {string} type - Toast type (info/success/warning/error)
-  const message = isPlainMessage ? key : translate(key, params, fallback);
+ * @returns {HTMLElement} The toast element (not yet attached to the DOM)
+ */
+function createToastElement(message, type) {
   const toast = document.createElement('div');
   toast.className = `toast toast-${type}`;
   toast.textContent = message;
+  return toast;
+}
 
+/**
+ * Attach a toast to the shared container, position it, and schedule its
+ * dismissal (internal — not exported).
+ * @param {HTMLElement} toast - The toast element to display
+ * @param {number} durationMs - How long the toast stays visible
+ * @param {Function} [onDismiss] - Optional callback fired once when dismissal begins
+ * @returns {Function} Manual dismiss function (idempotent)
+ */
+function appendToast(toast, durationMs, onDismiss = null) {
   // Get or create toast container
   let toastContainer = document.querySelector('.toast-container');
   if (!toastContainer) {
@@ -161,35 +174,127 @@ export function showToast(key, params = {}, type = 'info', fallback = null) {
   // Set position based on existing toasts
   toast.style.top = `${topOffset + (toastIndex * (toast.offsetHeight || 60 + spacing))}px`;
 
-  requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+  let dismissed = false;
-    toast.classList.add('show');
+  const dismiss = () => {
+    if (dismissed) return;
+    dismissed = true;
 
-    // Set timeout based on type
+    if (typeof onDismiss === 'function') {
-    let timeout = 2000; // Default (info)
+      onDismiss();
-    if (type === 'warning' || type === 'error') {
-      timeout = 5000;
     }
 
-    setTimeout(() => {
+    toast.classList.remove('show');
-      toast.classList.remove('show');
+    toast.addEventListener('transitionend', () => {
-      toast.addEventListener('transitionend', () => {
+      toast.remove();
-        toast.remove();
 
-        // Reposition remaining toasts
+      // Reposition remaining toasts
-        if (toastContainer) {
+      if (toastContainer) {
-          const remainingToasts = Array.from(toastContainer.querySelectorAll('.toast'));
+        const remainingToasts = Array.from(toastContainer.querySelectorAll('.toast'));
-          remainingToasts.forEach((t, index) => {
+        remainingToasts.forEach((t, index) => {
-            t.style.top = `${topOffset + (index * (t.offsetHeight || 60 + spacing))}px`;
+          t.style.top = `${topOffset + (index * (t.offsetHeight || 60 + spacing))}px`;
-          });
+        });
 
-          // Remove container if empty
+        // Remove container if empty
-          if (remainingToasts.length === 0) {
+        if (remainingToasts.length === 0) {
-            toastContainer.remove();
+          toastContainer.remove();
-          }
         }
-      });
+      }
-    }, timeout);
+    });
+  };
+
+  requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+    toast.classList.add('show');
+    setTimeout(dismiss, durationMs);
   });
+
+  return dismiss;
+}
+
+export function showToast(key, params = {}, type = 'info', fallback = null) {
+  // Plain messages (contain spaces) are not i18n dot-notation keys — use verbatim
+  // to avoid spurious "Translation key not found" warnings from i18next
+  const isPlainMessage = typeof key === 'string' && /\s/.test(key);
+  const message = isPlainMessage ? key : translate(key, params, fallback);
+  const toast = createToastElement(message, type);
+
+  // Set timeout based on type
+  let duration = 2000; // Default (info)
+  if (type === 'warning' || type === 'error') {
+    duration = 5000;
+  }
+
+  appendToast(toast, duration);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Show a toast with an action button (e.g. Undo) and an optional countdown.
+ * The message accepts the same key/plain-string contract as showToast, so
+ * callers may pass either an i18n key or an already-translated string.
+ * @param {string} key - i18n key or plain message
+ * @param {Object} [params] - i18n interpolation params
+ * @param {string} [type] - Toast type (info/success/warning/error)
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {string} [options.actionText] - Label for the action button (button omitted when empty)
+ * @param {Function} [options.onAction] - Callback invoked at most once on button click
+ * @param {number} [options.durationMs=30000] - How long the toast stays visible
+ * @param {boolean} [options.countdown=true] - Show a ticking `(N)s` countdown
+ */
+export function showActionToast(key, params = {}, type = 'info', options = {}) {
+  const { actionText, onAction, durationMs = 30000, countdown = true } = options;
+
+  const isPlainMessage = typeof key === 'string' && /\s/.test(key);
+  const message = isPlainMessage ? key : translate(key, params);
+  const toast = createToastElement(message, type);
+
+  let countdownInterval = null;
+  const clearCountdown = () => {
+    if (countdownInterval !== null) {
+      clearInterval(countdownInterval);
+      countdownInterval = null;
+    }
+  };
+
+  // The interval must be cleared on EVERY dismiss path (timeout, countdown end,
+  // manual button click) — the onDismiss hook covers the appendToast timeout path.
+  const dismiss = appendToast(toast, durationMs, clearCountdown);
+
+  let actionFired = false;
+  if (actionText) {
+    const button = document.createElement('button');
+    button.type = 'button';
+    button.className = 'toast-action-btn';
+    button.textContent = actionText;
+    button.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
+      event.preventDefault();
+      // Guard against double-click firing the action twice
+      if (actionFired) return;
+      actionFired = true;
+
+      clearCountdown();
+      if (typeof onAction === 'function') {
+        onAction();
+      }
+      dismiss();
+    });
+    toast.append(button);
+  }
+
+  if (countdown) {
+    const countdownEl = document.createElement('span');
+    countdownEl.className = 'toast-countdown';
+    let remainingSeconds = Math.max(0, Math.ceil(durationMs / 1000));
+    countdownEl.textContent = `(${remainingSeconds}s)`;
+    toast.append(countdownEl);
+
+    countdownInterval = setInterval(() => {
+      remainingSeconds -= 1;
+      countdownEl.textContent = `(${Math.max(remainingSeconds, 0)}s)`;
+      if (remainingSeconds <= 0) {
+        clearCountdown();
+        dismiss();
+      }
+    }, 1000);
+  }
 }
 
 export function restoreFolderFilter() {

static/js/utils/undoHelpers.js

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import { showToast } from './uiHelpers.js';
+
+/**
+ * Undo a staged delete batch via the pending-delete endpoint.
+ * @param {string} batchId - The batch id returned by a staged delete response
+ * @param {Function|null} refreshFn - Called once after a successful restore (unless options.refresh is false)
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {boolean} [options.showToast=true] - Suppress toasts (used by sequential multi-batch undo loops)
+ * @param {boolean} [options.refresh=true] - Suppress the refresh call (used by sequential multi-batch undo loops)
+ * @returns {Promise<boolean>} Whether the undo succeeded
+ */
+export async function handleUndoDelete(batchId, refreshFn, options = {}) {
+  const { showToast: showToastEnabled = true, refresh: refreshEnabled = true } = options;
+
+  try {
+    const response = await fetch('/api/lm/undo-delete', {
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+      body: JSON.stringify({ batch_id: batchId }),
+    });
+
+    if (response.ok) {
+      if (refreshEnabled && typeof refreshFn === 'function') {
+        refreshFn();
+      }
+      if (showToastEnabled) {
+        showToast('toast.undo.restored', {}, 'success');
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    // Read the error body to distinguish an expired batch from other failures
+    let errorMessage = '';
+    try {
+      const body = await response.json();
+      errorMessage = body?.error || '';
+    } catch {
+      errorMessage = '';
+    }
+
+    if (showToastEnabled) {
+      if (response.status === 404 && errorMessage.toLowerCase().includes('expired')) {
+        showToast('toast.undo.expired', {}, 'error');
+      } else {
+        showToast('toast.undo.failed', { error: errorMessage || response.statusText }, 'error');
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (showToastEnabled) {
+      showToast('toast.undo.failed', { error: error.message }, 'error');
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+}

tests/frontend/api/baseModelApi.bulkDelete.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+import { describe, it, beforeEach, afterEach, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+const {
+  BASE_MODEL_API_MODULE,
+  STATE_MODULE,
+  UI_HELPERS_MODULE,
+  I18N_MODULE,
+  STORAGE_MODULE,
+  API_CONFIG_MODULE,
+  API_FACTORY_MODULE,
+  SIDEBAR_MANAGER_MODULE,
+} = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  BASE_MODEL_API_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/api/baseModelApi.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  STATE_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/state/index.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  UI_HELPERS_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/utils/uiHelpers.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  I18N_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/utils/i18nHelpers.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  STORAGE_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/utils/storageHelpers.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  API_CONFIG_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/api/apiConfig.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  API_FACTORY_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/api/modelApiFactory.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  SIDEBAR_MANAGER_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/components/SidebarManager.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+}));
+
+const showToastMock = vi.fn();
+const showSimpleLoadingMock = vi.fn();
+const showCancelButtonMock = vi.fn();
+const hideLoadingMock = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock(STATE_MODULE, () => ({
+  state: {
+    loadingManager: {
+      showSimpleLoading: showSimpleLoadingMock,
+      showCancelButton: showCancelButtonMock,
+      hide: hideLoadingMock,
+    },
+    virtualScroller: {
+      removeItemByFilePath: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  },
+  getCurrentPageState: vi.fn(() => ({})),
+}));
+
+vi.mock(UI_HELPERS_MODULE, () => ({
+  showToast: showToastMock,
+}));
+
+vi.mock(I18N_MODULE, () => ({
+  translate: vi.fn((key) => key),
+}));
+
+vi.mock(STORAGE_MODULE, () => ({
+  getStorageItem: vi.fn(),
+  getSessionItem: vi.fn(),
+  removeSessionItem: vi.fn(),
+  saveMapToStorage: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock(API_CONFIG_MODULE, () => ({
+  getCompleteApiConfig: vi.fn(() => ({
+    endpoints: { bulkDelete: '/api/lm/loras/bulk-delete' },
+    config: { displayName: 'LoRA', singularName: 'LoRA' },
+  })),
+  getCurrentModelType: vi.fn(() => 'loras'),
+  isValidModelType: vi.fn(() => true),
+  DOWNLOAD_ENDPOINTS: {},
+  HF_ENDPOINTS: {},
+  WS_ENDPOINTS: {},
+}));
+
+vi.mock(API_FACTORY_MODULE, () => ({
+  resetAndReload: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock(SIDEBAR_MANAGER_MODULE, () => ({
+  sidebarManager: { refresh: vi.fn() },
+}));
+
+describe('BaseModelApiClient.bulkDeleteModels undo contract', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    delete global.fetch;
+  });
+
+  async function createClient() {
+    const { BaseModelApiClient } = await import(BASE_MODEL_API_MODULE);
+    class TestClient extends BaseModelApiClient {}
+    return new TestClient('loras');
+  }
+
+  function mockBulkDeleteResponse(payload) {
+    global.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => payload,
+    });
+  }
+
+  it('posts the file paths and defaults both batch fields to null', async () => {
+    mockBulkDeleteResponse({
+      success: true,
+      status: 'success',
+      total_deleted: 3,
+      total_attempted: 3,
+      cache_updated: true,
+      results: [],
+    });
+
+    const client = await createClient();
+    const result = await client.bulkDeleteModels(['/models/a.safetensors', '/models/b.safetensors']);
+
+    expect(global.fetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      '/api/lm/loras/bulk-delete',
+      expect.objectContaining({ method: 'POST' })
+    );
+    expect(result).toEqual({
+      success: true,
+      deleted_count: 3,
+      failed_count: 0,
+      errors: [],
+      batch_id: null,
+      batch_ids: null,
+    });
+    expect(hideLoadingMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('passes through the merged batch_id when the backend staged the bulk delete', async () => {
+    mockBulkDeleteResponse({
+      success: true,
+      status: 'success',
+      total_deleted: 2,
+      total_attempted: 2,
+      cache_updated: true,
+      results: [],
+      batch_id: 'merged-batch-1',
+    });
+
+    const client = await createClient();
+    const result = await client.bulkDeleteModels(['/models/a.safetensors', '/models/b.safetensors']);
+
+    expect(result.batch_id).toBe('merged-batch-1');
+    expect(result.batch_ids).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('passes through the batch_ids fallback array when the merge failed', async () => {
+    mockBulkDeleteResponse({
+      success: true,
+      status: 'success',
+      total_deleted: 2,
+      total_attempted: 2,
+      cache_updated: true,
+      results: [],
+      batch_ids: ['batch-1', 'batch-2'],
+    });
+
+    const client = await createClient();
+    const result = await client.bulkDeleteModels(['/models/a.safetensors', '/models/b.safetensors']);
+
+    expect(result.batch_id).toBeNull();
+    expect(result.batch_ids).toEqual(['batch-1', 'batch-2']);
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the batch field on the cancelled-status path (staged subset is undoable)', async () => {
+    mockBulkDeleteResponse({
+      success: true,
+      status: 'cancelled',
+      total_deleted: 1,
+      total_attempted: 2,
+      cache_updated: true,
+      results: [],
+      batch_id: 'partial-batch',
+    });
+
+    const client = await createClient();
+    const result = await client.bulkDeleteModels(['/models/a.safetensors', '/models/b.safetensors']);
+
+    expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.deleted_count).toBe(1);
+    expect(result.batch_id).toBe('partial-batch');
+    expect(result.batch_ids).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('returns the cancelled marker when the user aborts the fetch', async () => {
+    const abortError = new Error('The user aborted a request.');
+    abortError.name = 'AbortError';
+    global.fetch = vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(abortError);
+
+    const client = await createClient();
+    const result = await client.bulkDeleteModels(['/models/a.safetensors']);
+
+    expect(result).toEqual({ success: false, cancelled: true });
+    expect(hideLoadingMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('throws the backend error message when the bulk delete fails', async () => {
+    mockBulkDeleteResponse({ success: false, error: 'disk full' });
+
+    const client = await createClient();
+    await expect(client.bulkDeleteModels(['/models/a.safetensors'])).rejects.toThrow('disk full');
+  });
+});

tests/frontend/api/baseModelApi.delete.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+import { describe, it, beforeEach, afterEach, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+const {
+  BASE_MODEL_API_MODULE,
+  STATE_MODULE,
+  UI_HELPERS_MODULE,
+  I18N_MODULE,
+  STORAGE_MODULE,
+  API_CONFIG_MODULE,
+  API_FACTORY_MODULE,
+  SIDEBAR_MANAGER_MODULE,
+} = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  BASE_MODEL_API_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/api/baseModelApi.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  STATE_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/state/index.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  UI_HELPERS_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/utils/uiHelpers.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  I18N_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/utils/i18nHelpers.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  STORAGE_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/utils/storageHelpers.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  API_CONFIG_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/api/apiConfig.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  API_FACTORY_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/api/modelApiFactory.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  SIDEBAR_MANAGER_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/components/SidebarManager.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+}));
+
+const showToastMock = vi.fn();
+const removeItemByFilePathMock = vi.fn();
+const showSimpleLoadingMock = vi.fn();
+const hideLoadingMock = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock(STATE_MODULE, () => ({
+  state: {
+    loadingManager: {
+      showSimpleLoading: showSimpleLoadingMock,
+      hide: hideLoadingMock,
+    },
+    virtualScroller: {
+      removeItemByFilePath: removeItemByFilePathMock,
+    },
+  },
+  getCurrentPageState: vi.fn(() => ({})),
+}));
+
+vi.mock(UI_HELPERS_MODULE, () => ({
+  showToast: showToastMock,
+}));
+
+vi.mock(I18N_MODULE, () => ({
+  translate: vi.fn((key) => key),
+}));
+
+vi.mock(STORAGE_MODULE, () => ({
+  getStorageItem: vi.fn(),
+  getSessionItem: vi.fn(),
+  removeSessionItem: vi.fn(),
+  saveMapToStorage: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock(API_CONFIG_MODULE, () => ({
+  getCompleteApiConfig: vi.fn(() => ({
+    endpoints: { delete: '/api/lm/loras/delete' },
+    config: { displayName: 'LoRA', singularName: 'LoRA' },
+  })),
+  getCurrentModelType: vi.fn(() => 'loras'),
+  isValidModelType: vi.fn(() => true),
+  DOWNLOAD_ENDPOINTS: {},
+  HF_ENDPOINTS: {},
+  WS_ENDPOINTS: {},
+}));
+
+vi.mock(API_FACTORY_MODULE, () => ({
+  resetAndReload: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock(SIDEBAR_MANAGER_MODULE, () => ({
+  sidebarManager: { refresh: vi.fn() },
+}));
+
+describe('BaseModelApiClient.deleteModel undo contract', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    showToastMock.mockReset();
+    removeItemByFilePathMock.mockReset();
+    showSimpleLoadingMock.mockReset();
+    hideLoadingMock.mockReset();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    delete global.fetch;
+  });
+
+  async function createClient() {
+    const { BaseModelApiClient } = await import(BASE_MODEL_API_MODULE);
+    class TestClient extends BaseModelApiClient {}
+    return new TestClient('loras');
+  }
+
+  it('returns the batch id and suppresses the legacy success toast when staged', async () => {
+    global.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => ({ success: true, deleted_files: [], batch_id: 'batch-42' }),
+    });
+
+    const client = await createClient();
+    const result = await client.deleteModel('/models/foo.safetensors');
+
+    expect(result).toEqual({ success: true, batch_id: 'batch-42' });
+    // The card is still removed from the scroller — the file is gone either way
+    expect(removeItemByFilePathMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/models/foo.safetensors');
+    // No legacy toast: the caller shows the undo action toast instead
+    expect(showToastMock).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'toast.api.deleteSuccess',
+      expect.anything(),
+      expect.anything()
+    );
+    expect(hideLoadingMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the legacy success toast when the delete was not staged', async () => {
+    global.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => ({ success: true, deleted_files: ['/models/foo.safetensors'] }),
+    });
+
+    const client = await createClient();
+    const result = await client.deleteModel('/models/foo.safetensors');
+
+    expect(result).toEqual({ success: true, batch_id: null });
+    expect(removeItemByFilePathMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/models/foo.safetensors');
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('toast.api.deleteSuccess', { type: 'LoRA' }, 'success');
+  });
+
+  it('returns a truthy result so undo-blind callers keep working (ModelVersionsTab)', async () => {
+    global.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => ({ success: true, deleted_files: [], batch_id: 'batch-7' }),
+    });
+
+    const client = await createClient();
+    const result = await client.deleteModel('/models/v2.safetensors');
+
+    // ModelVersionsTab.js:1136-1144 awaits deleteModel and treats any truthy
+    // result as success — the new object must satisfy that check shape.
+    expect(result).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(Boolean(result && result.success)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('returns false and shows the failure toast when the server reports failure', async () => {
+    global.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => ({ success: false, error: 'disk error' }),
+    });
+
+    const client = await createClient();
+    const result = await client.deleteModel('/models/foo.safetensors');
+
+    expect(result).toBe(false);
+    expect(removeItemByFilePathMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'toast.api.deleteFailed',
+      expect.objectContaining({ type: 'LoRA' }),
+      'error'
+    );
+  });
+});

tests/frontend/api/recipeApi.bulk.test.js

@@ -142,10 +142,50 @@ describe('RecipeSidebarApiClient bulk operations', () => {
       success: true,
       deleted_count: 2,
       failed_count: 0,
+      batch_id: null,
+      batch_ids: null,
     });
     expect(loadingManagerMock.hide).toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
+  it('passes through the merged batch_id from a staged bulk delete', async () => {
+    const api = new RecipeSidebarApiClient();
+    global.fetch.mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => ({
+        success: true,
+        total_deleted: 2,
+        total_failed: 0,
+        failed: [],
+        batch_id: 'merged-recipe-batch',
+      }),
+    });
+
+    const result = await api.bulkDeleteModels(['/recipes/a.webp', '/recipes/b.webp']);
+
+    expect(result.batch_id).toBe('merged-recipe-batch');
+    expect(result.batch_ids).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('passes through the batch_ids fallback array when the merge failed', async () => {
+    const api = new RecipeSidebarApiClient();
+    global.fetch.mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => ({
+        success: true,
+        total_deleted: 2,
+        total_failed: 0,
+        failed: [],
+        batch_ids: ['recipe-batch-1', 'recipe-batch-2'],
+      }),
+    });
+
+    const result = await api.bulkDeleteModels(['/recipes/a.webp', '/recipes/b.webp']);
+
+    expect(result.batch_id).toBeNull();
+    expect(result.batch_ids).toEqual(['recipe-batch-1', 'recipe-batch-2']);
+  });
+
   it('encodes recipe IDs when fetching recipe details', async () => {
     global.fetch.mockResolvedValue({
       ok: true,

tests/frontend/components/contextMenu.interactions.test.js

@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ vi.mock('../../../static/js/state/index.js', () => ({
 vi.mock('../../../static/js/utils/modalUtils.js', () => ({
   showExcludeModal: vi.fn(),
   showDeleteModal: vi.fn(),
+  armDeleteButton: vi.fn(),
 }));
 
 vi.mock('../../../static/js/managers/MoveManager.js', () => ({

tests/frontend/components/duplicatesManager.test.js

@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
 import { describe, it, beforeEach, afterEach, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
 
 const showToastMock = vi.fn();
+const showActionToastMock = vi.fn();
+const handleUndoDeleteMock = vi.fn();
 const recreateVirtualScrollMock = vi.fn();
 const translateMock = vi.fn((key) => key);
 
 vi.mock('../../../static/js/utils/uiHelpers.js', () => ({
   showToast: showToastMock,
+  showActionToast: showActionToastMock,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../static/js/utils/undoHelpers.js', () => ({
+  handleUndoDelete: handleUndoDeleteMock,
 }));
 
 vi.mock('../../../static/js/utils/i18nHelpers.js', () => ({
@@ -20,6 +27,17 @@ vi.mock('../../../static/js/components/RecipeCard.js', () => ({
   },
 }));
 
+vi.mock('../../../static/js/utils/modalUtils.js', () => ({
+  armDeleteButton: (modalElement) => {
+    if (!modalElement) return null;
+    const buttons = modalElement.querySelectorAll('.delete-btn');
+    buttons.forEach((button) => { button.disabled = true; });
+    return setTimeout(() => {
+      buttons.forEach((button) => { button.disabled = false; });
+    }, 1500);
+  },
+}));
+
 vi.mock('../../../static/js/utils/infiniteScroll.js', () => ({
   recreateVirtualScroll: recreateVirtualScrollMock,
 }));
@@ -211,3 +229,152 @@ describe('DuplicatesManager prompt matching toggle', () => {
     expect(document.getElementById('duplicatesBasis').textContent).toBe('recipes.duplicates.basis.loraCombo');
   });
 });
+
+describe('DuplicatesManager confirmDeleteDuplicates undo flows', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    setCurrentPageType('recipes');
+    setupDom();
+    state.pendingLayoutRecreate = false;
+    state.virtualScroller = { enable: vi.fn(), disable: vi.fn() };
+    handleUndoDeleteMock.mockResolvedValue(true);
+    globalThis.modalManager = { showModal: vi.fn(), closeModal: vi.fn() };
+    globalThis.recipeManager = { loadRecipes: vi.fn() };
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    state.pendingLayoutRecreate = false;
+    state.virtualScroller = null;
+    delete globalThis.modalManager;
+    delete globalThis.recipeManager;
+    delete globalThis.fetch;
+  });
+
+  function mockBulkDelete(payload) {
+    globalThis.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => payload,
+    });
+  }
+
+  function lastActionToastOptions() {
+    const call = showActionToastMock.mock.calls[showActionToastMock.mock.calls.length - 1];
+    return call[3];
+  }
+
+  it('shows the undo action toast with the batch id and reloads recipes on undo', async () => {
+    mockBulkDelete({ success: true, total_deleted: 2, batch_id: 'recipe-batch-1' });
+
+    const manager = new DuplicatesManager({});
+    manager.inDuplicateMode = true;
+    manager.selectedForDeletion.add('r1');
+    manager.selectedForDeletion.add('r2');
+
+    await manager.confirmDeleteDuplicates();
+
+    expect(showActionToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(showActionToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'toast.undo.deletedBulk',
+      { count: 2 },
+      'success',
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        actionText: 'toast.undo.action',
+        onAction: expect.any(Function),
+      })
+    );
+    // The legacy duplicates success toast is replaced, not duplicated
+    expect(showToastMock).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'toast.duplicates.deleteSuccess',
+      expect.anything(),
+      expect.anything()
+    );
+    // exitDuplicateMode still runs for successful deletions
+    expect(manager.inDuplicateMode).toBe(false);
+
+    lastActionToastOptions().onAction();
+
+    expect(handleUndoDeleteMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(handleUndoDeleteMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('recipe-batch-1', expect.any(Function));
+
+    const refreshFn = handleUndoDeleteMock.mock.calls[0][1];
+    refreshFn();
+    expect(globalThis.recipeManager.loadRecipes).toHaveBeenCalledWith(true);
+  });
+
+  it('undoes the batch_ids fallback sequentially with one final refresh and restored toast', async () => {
+    mockBulkDelete({ success: true, total_deleted: 2, batch_ids: ['rb-1', 'rb-2'] });
+
+    const manager = new DuplicatesManager({});
+    manager.inDuplicateMode = true;
+    manager.selectedForDeletion.add('r1');
+    manager.selectedForDeletion.add('r2');
+
+    await manager.confirmDeleteDuplicates();
+
+    expect(showActionToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    await lastActionToastOptions().onAction();
+
+    expect(handleUndoDeleteMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(handleUndoDeleteMock.mock.calls[0]).toEqual(['rb-1', null, { showToast: false, refresh: false }]);
+    expect(handleUndoDeleteMock.mock.calls[1]).toEqual(['rb-2', null, { showToast: false, refresh: false }]);
+    expect(globalThis.recipeManager.loadRecipes).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(globalThis.recipeManager.loadRecipes).toHaveBeenCalledWith(true);
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('toast.undo.restored', {}, 'success');
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the legacy success toast when the response carries no batch field', async () => {
+    mockBulkDelete({ success: true, total_deleted: 1 });
+
+    const manager = new DuplicatesManager({});
+    manager.inDuplicateMode = true;
+    manager.selectedForDeletion.add('r1');
+
+    await manager.confirmDeleteDuplicates();
+
+    expect(showActionToastMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'toast.duplicates.deleteSuccess',
+      { count: 1, type: 'recipes' },
+      'success'
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('DuplicatesManager deleteSelectedDuplicates delay-activate', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    setCurrentPageType('recipes');
+    setupDom();
+    document.body.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `
+      <div id="duplicateDeleteModal" class="modal delete-modal">
+        <div class="delete-model-info"><p><span id="duplicateDeleteCount">0</span></p></div>
+        <button class="cancel-btn">Cancel</button>
+        <button class="delete-btn">Delete</button>
+      </div>
+    `);
+    globalThis.modalManager = { showModal: vi.fn(), closeModal: vi.fn() };
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+    delete globalThis.modalManager;
+  });
+
+  it('opens with the delete button disabled and enables it after 1500ms', async () => {
+    const manager = new DuplicatesManager({});
+    manager.selectedForDeletion.add('r1');
+
+    await manager.deleteSelectedDuplicates();
+
+    expect(globalThis.modalManager.showModal).toHaveBeenCalledWith('duplicateDeleteModal');
+    const deleteBtn = document.querySelector('#duplicateDeleteModal .delete-btn');
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(true);
+
+    deleteBtn.click();
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(true);
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1500);
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

tests/frontend/components/modelDuplicatesManager.test.js

@@ -1,16 +1,34 @@
 import { describe, it, beforeEach, afterEach, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
 
 const showToastMock = vi.fn();
+const showActionToastMock = vi.fn();
+const handleUndoDeleteMock = vi.fn();
 const resetAndReloadMock = vi.fn();
 
 vi.mock('../../../static/js/utils/uiHelpers.js', () => ({
   showToast: showToastMock,
+  showActionToast: showActionToastMock,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../static/js/utils/undoHelpers.js', () => ({
+  handleUndoDelete: handleUndoDeleteMock,
 }));
 
 vi.mock('../../../static/js/api/modelApiFactory.js', () => ({
   resetAndReload: resetAndReloadMock,
 }));
 
+vi.mock('../../../static/js/utils/modalUtils.js', () => ({
+  armDeleteButton: (modalElement) => {
+    if (!modalElement) return null;
+    const buttons = modalElement.querySelectorAll('.delete-btn');
+    buttons.forEach((button) => { button.disabled = true; });
+    return setTimeout(() => {
+      buttons.forEach((button) => { button.disabled = false; });
+    }, 1500);
+  },
+}));
+
 const { ModelDuplicatesManager } = await import('../../../static/js/components/ModelDuplicatesManager.js');
 const { state } = await import('../../../static/js/state/index.js');
 
@@ -230,3 +248,153 @@ describe('ModelDuplicatesManager verification state', () => {
     expect(manager.verifiedGroups.has('visible-hash')).toBe(true);
   });
 });
+
+describe('ModelDuplicatesManager confirmDeleteDuplicates undo flows', () => {
+  function mockDeleteAndRecheck(deletePayload) {
+    global.fetch = vi.fn((url) => {
+      if (String(url).includes('bulk-delete')) {
+        return Promise.resolve({
+          ok: true,
+          statusText: 'OK',
+          json: async () => deletePayload,
+        });
+      }
+      return Promise.resolve({
+        ok: true,
+        statusText: 'OK',
+        json: async () => ({ success: true, duplicates: [] }),
+      });
+    });
+  }
+
+  function lastActionToastOptions() {
+    const call = showActionToastMock.mock.calls[showActionToastMock.mock.calls.length - 1];
+    return call[3];
+  }
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    handleUndoDeleteMock.mockResolvedValue(true);
+    state.virtualScroller = { enable: vi.fn(), disable: vi.fn() };
+    globalThis.modalManager = { showModal: vi.fn(), closeModal: vi.fn() };
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    state.virtualScroller = null;
+    delete globalThis.modalManager;
+  });
+
+  it('shows the undo action toast with the batch id and refreshes models on undo', async () => {
+    const manager = await createManager();
+    mockDeleteAndRecheck({ success: true, total_deleted: 1, batch_id: 'model-batch-1' });
+
+    manager.inDuplicateMode = true;
+    manager.selectedForDeletion.add(carPath);
+
+    await manager.confirmDeleteDuplicates();
+
+    expect(showActionToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(showActionToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'toast.undo.deletedBulk',
+      { count: 1 },
+      'success',
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        actionText: 'toast.undo.action',
+        onAction: expect.any(Function),
+      })
+    );
+    expect(showToastMock).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'toast.duplicates.deleteSuccess',
+      expect.anything(),
+      expect.anything()
+    );
+
+    // The existing reset + find-duplicates re-check path still runs
+    expect(resetAndReloadMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(true);
+    // No remaining duplicates -> duplicate mode exited
+    expect(manager.inDuplicateMode).toBe(false);
+
+    lastActionToastOptions().onAction();
+
+    expect(handleUndoDeleteMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(handleUndoDeleteMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('model-batch-1', expect.any(Function));
+
+    const refreshFn = handleUndoDeleteMock.mock.calls[0][1];
+    resetAndReloadMock.mockClear();
+    refreshFn();
+    expect(resetAndReloadMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(resetAndReloadMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(true);
+  });
+
+  it('undoes the batch_ids fallback sequentially with one final refresh and restored toast', async () => {
+    const manager = await createManager();
+    mockDeleteAndRecheck({ success: true, total_deleted: 2, batch_ids: ['mb-1', 'mb-2'] });
+
+    manager.inDuplicateMode = true;
+    manager.selectedForDeletion.add(carPath);
+    manager.selectedForDeletion.add(copyPath);
+
+    await manager.confirmDeleteDuplicates();
+
+    expect(showActionToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    resetAndReloadMock.mockClear();
+    await lastActionToastOptions().onAction();
+
+    expect(handleUndoDeleteMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(handleUndoDeleteMock.mock.calls[0]).toEqual(['mb-1', null, { showToast: false, refresh: false }]);
+    expect(handleUndoDeleteMock.mock.calls[1]).toEqual(['mb-2', null, { showToast: false, refresh: false }]);
+    expect(resetAndReloadMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(resetAndReloadMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(true);
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('toast.undo.restored', {}, 'success');
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the legacy success toast when the response carries no batch field', async () => {
+    const manager = await createManager();
+    mockDeleteAndRecheck({ success: true, total_deleted: 1 });
+
+    manager.inDuplicateMode = true;
+    manager.selectedForDeletion.add(carPath);
+
+    await manager.confirmDeleteDuplicates();
+
+    expect(showActionToastMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'toast.duplicates.deleteSuccess',
+      { count: 1, type: 'loras' },
+      'success'
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('ModelDuplicatesManager deleteSelectedDuplicates delay-activate', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    globalThis.modalManager = { showModal: vi.fn(), closeModal: vi.fn() };
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+    delete globalThis.modalManager;
+  });
+
+  it('opens with the delete button disabled and enables it after 1500ms', async () => {
+    const manager = await createManager();
+    document.body.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', `
+      <div id="modelDuplicateDeleteModal" class="modal delete-modal">
+        <div class="delete-model-info"><p><span id="modelDuplicateDeleteCount">0</span></p></div>
+        <button class="cancel-btn">Cancel</button>
+        <button class="delete-btn">Delete</button>
+      </div>
+    `);
+    manager.selectedForDeletion.add(carPath);
+
+    await manager.deleteSelectedDuplicates();
+
+    expect(globalThis.modalManager.showModal).toHaveBeenCalledWith('modelDuplicateDeleteModal');
+    const deleteBtn = document.querySelector('#modelDuplicateDeleteModal .delete-btn');
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(true);
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1500);
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

tests/frontend/components/recipeCard.delete.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+import { describe, it, beforeEach, afterEach, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+const {
+  RECIPE_CARD_MODULE,
+  UI_HELPERS_MODULE,
+  RECIPE_API_MODULE,
+  MODEL_CARD_MODULE,
+  MODAL_MANAGER_MODULE,
+  STATE_MODULE,
+  BULK_MANAGER_MODULE,
+  CONSTANTS_MODULE,
+  I18N_MODULE,
+  UNDO_HELPERS_MODULE,
+} = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  RECIPE_CARD_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/components/RecipeCard.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  UI_HELPERS_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/utils/uiHelpers.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  RECIPE_API_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/api/recipeApi.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  MODEL_CARD_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/components/shared/ModelCard.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  MODAL_MANAGER_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/managers/ModalManager.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  STATE_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/state/index.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  BULK_MANAGER_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/managers/BulkManager.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  CONSTANTS_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/utils/constants.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  I18N_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/utils/i18nHelpers.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  UNDO_HELPERS_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/utils/undoHelpers.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+}));
+
+const showToastMock = vi.fn();
+const showActionToastMock = vi.fn();
+const handleUndoDeleteMock = vi.fn();
+const translateMock = vi.fn((key) => key);
+const closeModalMock = vi.fn();
+const removeItemByFilePathMock = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock(UI_HELPERS_MODULE, () => ({
+  showToast: showToastMock,
+  showActionToast: showActionToastMock,
+  copyToClipboard: vi.fn(),
+  sendLoraToWorkflow: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock(RECIPE_API_MODULE, () => ({
+  updateRecipeMetadata: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock(MODEL_CARD_MODULE, () => ({
+  configureModelCardVideo: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock(MODAL_MANAGER_MODULE, () => ({
+  modalManager: {
+    showModal: vi.fn(),
+    closeModal: closeModalMock,
+  },
+}));
+
+vi.mock(STATE_MODULE, () => ({
+  state: {
+    virtualScroller: {
+      removeItemByFilePath: removeItemByFilePathMock,
+    },
+  },
+  getCurrentPageState: vi.fn(() => ({})),
+}));
+
+vi.mock(BULK_MANAGER_MODULE, () => ({
+  bulkManager: {},
+}));
+
+vi.mock(CONSTANTS_MODULE, () => ({
+  NSFW_LEVELS: {},
+  getBaseModelAbbreviation: vi.fn(),
+  getMatureBlurThreshold: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock(I18N_MODULE, () => ({
+  translate: translateMock,
+}));
+
+vi.mock(UNDO_HELPERS_MODULE, () => ({
+  handleUndoDelete: handleUndoDeleteMock,
+}));
+
+function setupDeleteModal() {
+  document.body.innerHTML = `
+    <div id="deleteModal" data-recipe-id="recipe-1" data-file-path="/recipes/r1.json">
+      <button class="delete-btn">Delete</button>
+    </div>
+  `;
+  const deleteModal = document.getElementById('deleteModal');
+  // jsdom maps data-file-path to dataset.filePath
+  deleteModal.dataset.recipeId = 'recipe-1';
+  deleteModal.dataset.filePath = '/recipes/r1.json';
+  return deleteModal;
+}
+
+async function flushPromises() {
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+}
+
+describe('RecipeCard confirmDeleteRecipe undo flow', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    showToastMock.mockReset();
+    showActionToastMock.mockReset();
+    handleUndoDeleteMock.mockReset();
+    translateMock.mockClear();
+    closeModalMock.mockReset();
+    removeItemByFilePathMock.mockReset();
+    setupDeleteModal();
+    window.recipeManager = { loadRecipes: vi.fn() };
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    delete global.fetch;
+    delete window.recipeManager;
+    document.body.innerHTML = '';
+  });
+
+  async function createCard() {
+    const { RecipeCard } = await import(RECIPE_CARD_MODULE);
+    const card = Object.create(RecipeCard.prototype);
+    card.recipe = { id: 'recipe-1', title: 'My Recipe', file_path: '/recipes/r1.json' };
+    return card;
+  }
+
+  it('shows the undo action toast and wires undo to handleUndoDelete + loadRecipes(true)', async () => {
+    global.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => ({ success: true, message: 'deleted', batch_id: 'recipe-batch-1' }),
+    });
+
+    const card = await createCard();
+    card.confirmDeleteRecipe();
+    await flushPromises();
+
+    expect(global.fetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/api/lm/recipe/recipe-1', expect.objectContaining({
+      method: 'DELETE',
+    }));
+    // No legacy success toast when the delete was staged
+    expect(showToastMock).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith('toast.recipes.deletedSuccessfully', {}, 'success');
+    expect(showActionToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+
+    const [key, params, type, options] = showActionToastMock.mock.calls[0];
+    expect(key).toBe('toast.undo.deleted');
+    expect(params).toEqual({ name: 'My Recipe' });
+    expect(type).toBe('success');
+    expect(options.actionText).toBe('toast.undo.action');
+
+    options.onAction();
+    expect(handleUndoDeleteMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    const [batchId, refreshFn] = handleUndoDeleteMock.mock.calls[0];
+    expect(batchId).toBe('recipe-batch-1');
+
+    refreshFn();
+    expect(window.recipeManager.loadRecipes).toHaveBeenCalledWith(true);
+
+    expect(removeItemByFilePathMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/recipes/r1.json');
+    expect(closeModalMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('deleteModal');
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the legacy success toast when the delete was not staged', async () => {
+    global.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => ({ success: true, message: 'deleted' }),
+    });
+
+    const card = await createCard();
+    card.confirmDeleteRecipe();
+    await flushPromises();
+
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('toast.recipes.deletedSuccessfully', {}, 'success');
+    expect(showActionToastMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(closeModalMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('deleteModal');
+  });
+
+  it('shows the failure toast when the server rejects the delete', async () => {
+    global.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ ok: false });
+
+    const card = await createCard();
+    const deleteBtn = document.querySelector('.delete-btn');
+    card.confirmDeleteRecipe();
+    await flushPromises();
+
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'toast.recipes.deleteFailed',
+      expect.objectContaining({ message: expect.any(String) }),
+      'error'
+    );
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(false);
+    expect(deleteBtn.textContent).toBe('Delete');
+  });
+});

tests/frontend/components/recipeCard.deleteFriction.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+import { describe, it, beforeEach, afterEach, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+const {
+  RECIPE_CARD_MODULE,
+  UI_HELPERS_MODULE,
+  RECIPE_API_MODULE,
+  MODEL_CARD_MODULE,
+  MODAL_MANAGER_MODULE,
+  BULK_MANAGER_MODULE,
+  I18N_MODULE,
+  UNDO_HELPERS_MODULE,
+  API_FACTORY_MODULE,
+  STATE_MODULE,
+} = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  RECIPE_CARD_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/components/RecipeCard.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  UI_HELPERS_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/utils/uiHelpers.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  RECIPE_API_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/api/recipeApi.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  MODEL_CARD_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/components/shared/ModelCard.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  MODAL_MANAGER_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/managers/ModalManager.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  BULK_MANAGER_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/managers/BulkManager.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  I18N_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/utils/i18nHelpers.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  UNDO_HELPERS_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/utils/undoHelpers.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  API_FACTORY_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/api/modelApiFactory.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  STATE_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/state/index.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+}));
+
+const showModalMock = vi.fn();
+const closeModalMock = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock(UI_HELPERS_MODULE, () => ({
+  showToast: vi.fn(),
+  showActionToast: vi.fn(),
+  copyToClipboard: vi.fn(),
+  sendLoraToWorkflow: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock(RECIPE_API_MODULE, () => ({
+  updateRecipeMetadata: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock(MODEL_CARD_MODULE, () => ({
+  configureModelCardVideo: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock(MODAL_MANAGER_MODULE, () => ({
+  modalManager: {
+    showModal: showModalMock,
+    closeModal: closeModalMock,
+  },
+}));
+
+vi.mock(BULK_MANAGER_MODULE, () => ({
+  bulkManager: {},
+}));
+
+vi.mock(I18N_MODULE, () => ({
+  translate: vi.fn((key) => key),
+}));
+
+vi.mock(UNDO_HELPERS_MODULE, () => ({
+  handleUndoDelete: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+// modalUtils.js is intentionally NOT mocked — its real armDeleteButton drives
+// the delay-activate behavior under test. Its own imports are mocked below.
+vi.mock(API_FACTORY_MODULE, () => ({
+  getModelApiClient: vi.fn(),
+  resetAndReload: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+describe('RecipeCard delete confirmation delay-activate', () => {
+  let capturedOnClose;
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    showModalMock.mockReset();
+    closeModalMock.mockReset();
+    capturedOnClose = null;
+    document.body.innerHTML = '<div id="deleteModal" class="modal delete-modal"></div>';
+    showModalMock.mockImplementation((id, content, onClose) => {
+      if (content) {
+        document.getElementById(id).innerHTML = content;
+      }
+      capturedOnClose = onClose;
+    });
+    global.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => ({ success: true }),
+    });
+    window.recipeManager = { loadRecipes: vi.fn() };
+    const { state } = await import(STATE_MODULE);
+    state.virtualScroller = { removeItemByFilePath: vi.fn() };
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+    delete global.fetch;
+    delete window.recipeManager;
+    document.body.innerHTML = '';
+  });
+
+  async function createCard() {
+    const { RecipeCard } = await import(RECIPE_CARD_MODULE);
+    const card = Object.create(RecipeCard.prototype);
+    card.recipe = { id: 'recipe-1', title: 'My Recipe', file_path: '/recipes/r1.json', file_url: '/preview.png' };
+    return card;
+  }
+
+  it('opens with a disabled delete button that ignores clicks until 1500ms elapse', async () => {
+    const card = await createCard();
+    card.showDeleteConfirmation();
+
+    const deleteBtn = document.querySelector('#deleteModal .delete-btn');
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(true);
+
+    deleteBtn.click();
+    expect(global.fetch).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1500);
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(false);
+
+    deleteBtn.click();
+    expect(global.fetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      '/api/lm/recipe/recipe-1',
+      expect.objectContaining({ method: 'DELETE' })
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('clears the pending arm timer when the modal closes during the countdown', async () => {
+    const card = await createCard();
+    card.showDeleteConfirmation();
+
+    const deleteBtn = document.querySelector('#deleteModal .delete-btn');
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(true);
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(700);
+    capturedOnClose();
+
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(false);
+    expect(vi.getTimerCount()).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('re-arms a full 1500ms countdown when the modal is reopened', async () => {
+    const card = await createCard();
+    card.showDeleteConfirmation();
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1400);
+    capturedOnClose();
+
+    card.showDeleteConfirmation();
+    const deleteBtn = document.querySelector('#deleteModal .delete-btn');
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(true);
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1499);
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(true);
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1);
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

tests/frontend/managers/BulkManager.bulkDelete.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+import { describe, it, beforeEach, afterEach, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+const {
+  UNDO_HELPERS_MODULE,
+} = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  UNDO_HELPERS_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/utils/undoHelpers.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+}));
+
+const showToastMock = vi.fn();
+const showActionToastMock = vi.fn();
+const handleUndoDeleteMock = vi.fn();
+const resetAndReloadMock = vi.fn();
+const bulkDeleteModelsMock = vi.fn();
+const recipeBulkDeleteModelsMock = vi.fn();
+
+const loadingManagerStub = {
+  showSimpleLoading: vi.fn(),
+  hide: vi.fn(),
+  restoreProgressBar: vi.fn(),
+};
+
+const stateStub = {
+  currentPageType: 'loras',
+  bulkMode: false,
+  selectedModels: new Set(),
+  loadingManager: loadingManagerStub,
+  virtualScroller: { removeItemByFilePath: vi.fn() },
+  global: { settings: {} },
+};
+
+vi.mock('../../../static/js/state/index.js', () => ({
+  state: stateStub,
+  getCurrentPageState: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../static/js/utils/uiHelpers.js', () => ({
+  showToast: showToastMock,
+  showActionToast: showActionToastMock,
+  copyToClipboard: vi.fn(),
+  sendLoraToWorkflow: vi.fn(),
+  sendEmbeddingToWorkflow: vi.fn(),
+  buildLoraSyntax: vi.fn(),
+  getNSFWLevelName: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock(UNDO_HELPERS_MODULE, () => ({
+  handleUndoDelete: handleUndoDeleteMock,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../static/js/api/modelApiFactory.js', () => ({
+  getModelApiClient: vi.fn(() => ({ bulkDeleteModels: bulkDeleteModelsMock })),
+  resetAndReload: resetAndReloadMock,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../static/js/api/recipeApi.js', () => ({
+  RecipeSidebarApiClient: class {
+    constructor() {
+      this.bulkDeleteModels = recipeBulkDeleteModelsMock;
+    }
+  },
+  updateRecipeMetadata: vi.fn(),
+  extractRecipeId: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../static/js/api/apiConfig.js', () => ({
+  MODEL_TYPES: { LORA: 'loras', CHECKPOINT: 'checkpoints', EMBEDDING: 'embeddings' },
+  MODEL_CONFIG: {},
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../static/js/managers/ModalManager.js', () => ({
+  modalManager: { showModal: vi.fn(), closeModal: vi.fn() },
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../static/js/components/shared/ModelCard.js', () => ({
+  updateCardsForBulkMode: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../static/js/utils/i18nHelpers.js', () => ({
+  translate: vi.fn((key) => key),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../static/js/utils/priorityTagHelpers.js', () => ({
+  getPriorityTagSuggestions: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../../../static/js/components/shared/NsfwLevelSelector.js', () => ({
+  getNsfwLevelSelector: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+describe('BulkManager.confirmBulkDelete undo flows', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    stateStub.currentPageType = 'loras';
+    stateStub.bulkMode = false;
+    stateStub.selectedModels.clear();
+    stateStub.selectedModels.add('/models/a.safetensors');
+    stateStub.selectedModels.add('/models/b.safetensors');
+    handleUndoDeleteMock.mockResolvedValue(true);
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    delete window.recipeManager;
+    delete window.modelDuplicatesManager;
+  });
+
+  async function createBulkManager() {
+    const { BulkManager } = await import('../../../static/js/managers/BulkManager.js');
+    return new BulkManager();
+  }
+
+  function lastActionToastOptions() {
+    const call = showActionToastMock.mock.calls[showActionToastMock.mock.calls.length - 1];
+    return call[3];
+  }
+
+  it('shows one action toast for the merged batch id and undoes it with a model refresh', async () => {
+    bulkDeleteModelsMock.mockResolvedValue({
+      success: true,
+      deleted_count: 2,
+      failed_count: 0,
+      errors: [],
+      batch_id: 'merged-1',
+      batch_ids: null,
+    });
+
+    const bulk = await createBulkManager();
+    await bulk.confirmBulkDelete();
+
+    expect(showActionToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(showActionToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'toast.undo.deletedBulk',
+      { count: 2 },
+      'success',
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        actionText: 'toast.undo.action',
+        onAction: expect.any(Function),
+      })
+    );
+    // The legacy success and cancelled toasts must NOT fire
+    expect(showToastMock).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'toast.models.deletedSuccessfully',
+      expect.anything(),
+      expect.anything()
+    );
+    expect(showToastMock).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'toast.api.operationCancelled',
+      expect.anything(),
+      expect.anything()
+    );
+
+    lastActionToastOptions().onAction();
+
+    expect(handleUndoDeleteMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(handleUndoDeleteMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('merged-1', expect.any(Function));
+
+    // The undo refresh targets the model library
+    const refreshFn = handleUndoDeleteMock.mock.calls[0][1];
+    refreshFn();
+    expect(resetAndReloadMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(true);
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the legacy success toast when both batch fields are null', async () => {
+    bulkDeleteModelsMock.mockResolvedValue({
+      success: true,
+      deleted_count: 2,
+      failed_count: 0,
+      errors: [],
+      batch_id: null,
+      batch_ids: null,
+    });
+
+    const bulk = await createBulkManager();
+    await bulk.confirmBulkDelete();
+
+    expect(showActionToastMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'toast.models.deletedSuccessfully',
+      { count: 2, type: 'model' },
+      'success'
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('undoes the batch_ids fallback sequentially with exactly one final refresh and restored toast', async () => {
+    bulkDeleteModelsMock.mockResolvedValue({
+      success: true,
+      deleted_count: 2,
+      failed_count: 0,
+      errors: [],
+      batch_id: null,
+      batch_ids: ['id-1', 'id-2'],
+    });
+
+    const bulk = await createBulkManager();
+    await bulk.confirmBulkDelete();
+
+    expect(showActionToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(showActionToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'toast.undo.deletedBulk',
+      { count: 2 },
+      'success',
+      expect.objectContaining({ onAction: expect.any(Function) })
+    );
+
+    await lastActionToastOptions().onAction();
+
+    // Sequential suppressed undos in order
+    expect(handleUndoDeleteMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(handleUndoDeleteMock.mock.calls[0]).toEqual(['id-1', null, { showToast: false, refresh: false }]);
+    expect(handleUndoDeleteMock.mock.calls[1]).toEqual(['id-2', null, { showToast: false, refresh: false }]);
+
+    // Exactly ONE final refresh and ONE restored toast
+    expect(resetAndReloadMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(resetAndReloadMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(true);
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('toast.undo.restored', {}, 'success');
+  });
+
+  it('stops the fallback loop on the first failure and skips the final refresh', async () => {
+    bulkDeleteModelsMock.mockResolvedValue({
+      success: true,
+      deleted_count: 2,
+      failed_count: 0,
+      errors: [],
+      batch_id: null,
+      batch_ids: ['id-1', 'id-2', 'id-3'],
+    });
+    handleUndoDeleteMock
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(true)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(false);
+
+    const bulk = await createBulkManager();
+    await bulk.confirmBulkDelete();
+    await lastActionToastOptions().onAction();
+
+    // The loop stops at the failing second id — the third is never attempted
+    expect(handleUndoDeleteMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(handleUndoDeleteMock.mock.calls[1][0]).toBe('id-2');
+
+    // The suppressed undo shows no error toast itself — the loop re-shows it
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('toast.undo.failed', { error: '' }, 'error');
+
+    // No final refresh, no restored toast
+    expect(resetAndReloadMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(showToastMock).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith('toast.undo.restored', {}, 'success');
+  });
+
+  it('shows the action toast for a cancelled bulk that staged a subset (batch_id)', async () => {
+    bulkDeleteModelsMock.mockResolvedValue({
+      success: true,
+      deleted_count: 1,
+      failed_count: 0,
+      errors: [],
+      batch_id: 'partial-1',
+      batch_ids: null,
+    });
+
+    const bulk = await createBulkManager();
+    await bulk.confirmBulkDelete();
+
+    expect(showActionToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(showActionToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'toast.undo.deletedBulk',
+      { count: 1 },
+      'success',
+      expect.objectContaining({ onAction: expect.any(Function) })
+    );
+    expect(showToastMock).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'toast.api.operationCancelled',
+      expect.anything(),
+      expect.anything()
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('shows the action toast for a cancelled bulk with the batch_ids fallback', async () => {
+    bulkDeleteModelsMock.mockResolvedValue({
+      success: true,
+      deleted_count: 1,
+      failed_count: 0,
+      errors: [],
+      batch_id: null,
+      batch_ids: ['partial-1'],
+    });
+
+    const bulk = await createBulkManager();
+    await bulk.confirmBulkDelete();
+
+    expect(showActionToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(showToastMock).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'toast.api.operationCancelled',
+      expect.anything(),
+      expect.anything()
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the cancelled toast when the user aborted and nothing was staged', async () => {
+    bulkDeleteModelsMock.mockResolvedValue({ success: false, cancelled: true });
+
+    const bulk = await createBulkManager();
+    await bulk.confirmBulkDelete();
+
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('toast.api.operationCancelled', {}, 'info');
+    expect(showActionToastMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('refreshes recipes through window.recipeManager when undoing a recipe bulk delete', async () => {
+    stateStub.currentPageType = 'recipes';
+    stateStub.selectedModels.clear();
+    stateStub.selectedModels.add('/recipes/a.webp');
+    const loadRecipesMock = vi.fn();
+    window.recipeManager = { loadRecipes: loadRecipesMock };
+
+    recipeBulkDeleteModelsMock.mockResolvedValue({
+      success: true,
+      deleted_count: 1,
+      failed_count: 0,
+      errors: [],
+      batch_id: 'recipe-batch-1',
+      batch_ids: null,
+    });
+
+    const bulk = await createBulkManager();
+    await bulk.confirmBulkDelete();
+
+    expect(showActionToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    lastActionToastOptions().onAction();
+
+    expect(handleUndoDeleteMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('recipe-batch-1', expect.any(Function));
+    const refreshFn = handleUndoDeleteMock.mock.calls[0][1];
+    refreshFn();
+    expect(loadRecipesMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(true);
+    expect(resetAndReloadMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('BulkManager.showBulkDeleteModal delay-activate', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    stateStub.currentPageType = 'loras';
+    stateStub.selectedModels.clear();
+    stateStub.selectedModels.add('/models/a.safetensors');
+    document.body.innerHTML = `
+      <div id="bulkDeleteModal" class="modal delete-modal">
+        <h2></h2>
+        <p class="delete-message"></p>
+        <div class="delete-model-info"><p></p></div>
+        <button class="cancel-btn">Cancel</button>
+        <button class="delete-btn">Delete</button>
+      </div>
+    `;
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+    document.body.innerHTML = '';
+  });
+
+  it('opens with the delete button disabled and enables it after 1500ms', async () => {
+    const { BulkManager } = await import('../../../static/js/managers/BulkManager.js');
+    const bulk = new BulkManager();
+    bulk.showBulkDeleteModal();
+
+    const deleteBtn = document.querySelector('#bulkDeleteModal .delete-btn');
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(true);
+
+    deleteBtn.click();
+    expect(bulkDeleteModelsMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1500);
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

tests/frontend/managers/ModalManager.focus.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+import { describe, it, beforeEach, afterEach, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+const MODAL_MANAGER_MODULE = new URL('../../../static/js/managers/ModalManager.js', import.meta.url).pathname;
+
+function setupDom() {
+  document.body.innerHTML = `
+    <button id="triggerBtn">Trigger</button>
+    <div id="deleteModal" class="modal delete-modal">
+      <div class="modal-content delete-modal-content">
+        <button class="cancel-btn">Cancel</button>
+        <button class="delete-btn">Delete</button>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <div id="excludeModal" class="modal delete-modal">
+      <div class="modal-content delete-modal-content">
+        <button class="cancel-btn">Cancel</button>
+        <button class="exclude-btn">Exclude</button>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <div id="plainModal" class="modal">
+      <div class="modal-content">
+        <button class="cancel-btn">Cancel</button>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  `;
+}
+
+describe('ModalManager delete-modal focus handling', () => {
+  let ModalManager;
+  let manager;
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    setupDom();
+    window.scrollTo = vi.fn();
+    ({ ModalManager } = await import(MODAL_MANAGER_MODULE));
+    manager = new ModalManager();
+    for (const id of ['deleteModal', 'excludeModal', 'plainModal']) {
+      manager.registerModal(id, {
+        element: document.getElementById(id),
+        onClose: () => {},
+      });
+    }
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    document.body.innerHTML = '';
+  });
+
+  it('focuses the cancel button when a delete-type modal opens', () => {
+    const trigger = document.getElementById('triggerBtn');
+    trigger.focus();
+
+    manager.showModal('deleteModal');
+
+    expect(document.activeElement).toBe(
+      document.querySelector('#deleteModal .cancel-btn')
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('restores focus to the previously focused element on close', () => {
+    const trigger = document.getElementById('triggerBtn');
+    trigger.focus();
+
+    manager.showModal('deleteModal');
+    manager.closeModal('deleteModal');
+
+    expect(document.activeElement).toBe(trigger);
+  });
+
+  it('does not touch focus for a non-delete modal', () => {
+    const trigger = document.getElementById('triggerBtn');
+    trigger.focus();
+
+    manager.showModal('plainModal');
+
+    expect(document.activeElement).toBe(trigger);
+
+    manager.closeModal('plainModal');
+    expect(document.activeElement).toBe(trigger);
+  });
+
+  it('does not treat delete-modal-styled modals without a delete button as delete modals', () => {
+    const trigger = document.getElementById('triggerBtn');
+    trigger.focus();
+
+    manager.showModal('excludeModal');
+
+    expect(document.activeElement).toBe(trigger);
+
+    manager.closeModal('excludeModal');
+    expect(document.activeElement).toBe(trigger);
+  });
+
+  it('skips the focus restore when the previously focused element is gone', () => {
+    const trigger = document.getElementById('triggerBtn');
+    trigger.focus();
+
+    manager.showModal('deleteModal');
+    trigger.remove();
+
+    expect(() => manager.closeModal('deleteModal')).not.toThrow();
+  });
+});

tests/frontend/pages/checkpointsPage.test.js

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ vi.mock('../../../static/js/utils/modalUtils.js', () => ({
   closeDeleteModal: closeDeleteModalMock,
   confirmExclude: confirmExcludeMock,
   closeExcludeModal: closeExcludeModalMock,
+  armDeleteButton: vi.fn(),
 }));
 
 vi.mock('../../../static/js/components/ModelDuplicatesManager.js', () => ({

tests/frontend/pages/embeddingsPage.test.js

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ vi.mock('../../../static/js/utils/modalUtils.js', () => ({
   closeDeleteModal: closeDeleteModalMock,
   confirmExclude: confirmExcludeMock,
   closeExcludeModal: closeExcludeModalMock,
+  armDeleteButton: vi.fn(),
 }));
 
 vi.mock('../../../static/js/api/apiConfig.js', () => ({

tests/frontend/pages/lorasPage.test.js

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ vi.mock('../../../static/js/utils/modalUtils.js', () => ({
   closeDeleteModal: closeDeleteModalMock,
   confirmExclude: confirmExcludeMock,
   closeExcludeModal: closeExcludeModalMock,
+  armDeleteButton: vi.fn(),
 }));
 
 vi.mock('../../../static/js/components/ModelDuplicatesManager.js', () => ({

tests/frontend/utils/modalUtils.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+import { describe, it, beforeEach, afterEach, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+const {
+  MODAL_UTILS_MODULE,
+  MODAL_MANAGER_MODULE,
+  API_FACTORY_MODULE,
+  UI_HELPERS_MODULE,
+  I18N_MODULE,
+  UNDO_HELPERS_MODULE,
+  STATE_MODULE,
+} = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  MODAL_UTILS_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/utils/modalUtils.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  MODAL_MANAGER_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/managers/ModalManager.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  API_FACTORY_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/api/modelApiFactory.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  UI_HELPERS_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/utils/uiHelpers.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  I18N_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/utils/i18nHelpers.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  UNDO_HELPERS_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/utils/undoHelpers.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  STATE_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/state/index.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+}));
+
+const deleteModelMock = vi.fn();
+const resetAndReloadMock = vi.fn();
+const showActionToastMock = vi.fn();
+const handleUndoDeleteMock = vi.fn();
+const translateMock = vi.fn((key) => key);
+const closeModalMock = vi.fn();
+const showModalMock = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock(MODAL_MANAGER_MODULE, () => ({
+  modalManager: {
+    getModal: vi.fn((id) => ({ element: document.getElementById(id) })),
+    showModal: showModalMock,
+    closeModal: closeModalMock,
+  },
+}));
+
+vi.mock(API_FACTORY_MODULE, () => ({
+  getModelApiClient: vi.fn(() => ({ deleteModel: deleteModelMock })),
+  resetAndReload: resetAndReloadMock,
+}));
+
+vi.mock(UI_HELPERS_MODULE, () => ({
+  showActionToast: showActionToastMock,
+}));
+
+vi.mock(I18N_MODULE, () => ({
+  translate: translateMock,
+}));
+
+vi.mock(UNDO_HELPERS_MODULE, () => ({
+  handleUndoDelete: handleUndoDeleteMock,
+}));
+
+describe('modalUtils confirmDelete undo flow', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    deleteModelMock.mockReset();
+    resetAndReloadMock.mockReset();
+    showActionToastMock.mockReset();
+    handleUndoDeleteMock.mockReset();
+    translateMock.mockClear();
+    closeModalMock.mockReset();
+    showModalMock.mockReset();
+    document.body.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="model-card" data-filepath="/models/foo.safetensors" data-name="Foo Model"></div>
+      <div id="deleteModal"><div class="delete-model-info"></div></div>
+    `;
+    window.modelDuplicatesManager = undefined;
+  });
+
+  it('shows the undo action toast and wires undo to handleUndoDelete + resetAndReload', async () => {
+    deleteModelMock.mockResolvedValue({ success: true, batch_id: 'batch-9' });
+
+    const { showDeleteModal, confirmDelete } = await import(MODAL_UTILS_MODULE);
+
+    showDeleteModal('/models/foo.safetensors');
+    await confirmDelete();
+
+    expect(deleteModelMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/models/foo.safetensors');
+    expect(closeModalMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('deleteModal');
+    expect(showActionToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+
+    const [key, params, type, options] = showActionToastMock.mock.calls[0];
+    expect(key).toBe('toast.undo.deleted');
+    expect(params).toEqual({ name: 'Foo Model' });
+    expect(type).toBe('success');
+    expect(options.actionText).toBe('toast.undo.action');
+    expect(translateMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('toast.undo.action');
+
+    // Clicking Undo posts the batch and refreshes the model list
+    options.onAction();
+    expect(handleUndoDeleteMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    const [batchId, refreshFn] = handleUndoDeleteMock.mock.calls[0];
+    expect(batchId).toBe('batch-9');
+    expect(typeof refreshFn).toBe('function');
+
+    refreshFn();
+    expect(resetAndReloadMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(true);
+  });
+
+  it('does not show the action toast when the delete was not staged', async () => {
+    deleteModelMock.mockResolvedValue({ success: true, batch_id: null });
+
+    const { showDeleteModal, confirmDelete } = await import(MODAL_UTILS_MODULE);
+
+    showDeleteModal('/models/foo.safetensors');
+    await confirmDelete();
+
+    expect(showActionToastMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(closeModalMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('deleteModal');
+  });
+
+  it('falls back to the file name when no card is present', async () => {
+    deleteModelMock.mockResolvedValue({ success: true, batch_id: 'batch-10' });
+    document.querySelector('.model-card').remove();
+
+    const { showDeleteModal, confirmDelete } = await import(MODAL_UTILS_MODULE);
+
+    showDeleteModal('/models/bar.safetensors');
+    await confirmDelete();
+
+    expect(showActionToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(showActionToastMock.mock.calls[0][1]).toEqual({ name: 'bar.safetensors' });
+  });
+
+  it('refreshes the duplicates badge when the manager is available', async () => {
+    deleteModelMock.mockResolvedValue({ success: true, batch_id: 'batch-11' });
+    const updateBadge = vi.fn();
+    window.modelDuplicatesManager = { updateDuplicatesBadgeAfterRefresh: updateBadge };
+
+    const { showDeleteModal, confirmDelete } = await import(MODAL_UTILS_MODULE);
+
+    showDeleteModal('/models/foo.safetensors');
+    await confirmDelete();
+
+    expect(updateBadge).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('modalUtils armDeleteButton delay-activate', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    deleteModelMock.mockReset();
+    showModalMock.mockReset();
+    closeModalMock.mockReset();
+    document.body.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="model-card" data-filepath="/models/foo.safetensors" data-name="Foo Model"></div>
+      <div id="deleteModal">
+        <div class="delete-model-info"></div>
+        <button class="cancel-btn">Cancel</button>
+        <button class="delete-btn">Delete</button>
+      </div>
+    `;
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+  });
+
+  it('opens with the delete button disabled and enables it after exactly 1500ms', async () => {
+    const { showDeleteModal } = await import(MODAL_UTILS_MODULE);
+
+    showDeleteModal('/models/foo.safetensors');
+
+    const deleteBtn = document.querySelector('#deleteModal .delete-btn');
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(true);
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1499);
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(true);
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1);
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('clicking the disabled delete button fires nothing', async () => {
+    const { showDeleteModal } = await import(MODAL_UTILS_MODULE);
+
+    showDeleteModal('/models/foo.safetensors');
+
+    const deleteBtn = document.querySelector('#deleteModal .delete-btn');
+    deleteBtn.click();
+
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(true);
+    expect(deleteModelMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('closing during the countdown clears the timer and reopening re-arms a full 1500ms', async () => {
+    const { showDeleteModal, closeDeleteModal } = await import(MODAL_UTILS_MODULE);
+
+    showDeleteModal('/models/foo.safetensors');
+    const deleteBtn = document.querySelector('#deleteModal .delete-btn');
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1400);
+    closeDeleteModal();
+    expect(closeModalMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('deleteModal');
+
+    // Reopen — the stale timer must not enable the button early
+    showDeleteModal('/models/foo.safetensors');
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(true);
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1499);
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(true);
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1);
+    expect(deleteBtn.disabled).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('modalUtils showDeleteModal warning copy and size line', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    showModalMock.mockReset();
+    closeModalMock.mockReset();
+    translateMock.mockClear();
+    translateMock.mockImplementation((key) => key);
+    document.body.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="model-card" data-filepath="/models/foo.safetensors" data-name="Foo Model" data-file_size="2147483648"></div>
+      <div id="deleteModal">
+        <div class="delete-model-info"></div>
+        <button class="delete-btn">Delete</button>
+      </div>
+    `;
+  });
+
+  afterEach(async () => {
+    const { state } = await import(STATE_MODULE);
+    state.global.settings.delete_undo_enabled = true;
+  });
+
+  function modelInfoHtml() {
+    return document.querySelector('#deleteModal .delete-model-info').innerHTML;
+  }
+
+  it('shows the recoverable warning when delete_undo_enabled is truthy', async () => {
+    const { state } = await import(STATE_MODULE);
+    state.global.settings.delete_undo_enabled = true;
+
+    const { showDeleteModal } = await import(MODAL_UTILS_MODULE);
+    showDeleteModal('/models/foo.safetensors');
+
+    expect(modelInfoHtml()).toContain('modals.deleteModel.recoverableWarning');
+    expect(modelInfoHtml()).not.toContain('modals.deleteModel.permanentWarning');
+  });
+
+  it('shows the permanent warning when delete_undo_enabled is falsy', async () => {
+    const { state } = await import(STATE_MODULE);
+    state.global.settings.delete_undo_enabled = false;
+
+    const { showDeleteModal } = await import(MODAL_UTILS_MODULE);
+    showDeleteModal('/models/foo.safetensors');
+
+    expect(modelInfoHtml()).toContain('modals.deleteModel.permanentWarning');
+    expect(modelInfoHtml()).not.toContain('modals.deleteModel.recoverableWarning');
+  });
+
+  it('falls back to the neutral permanent warning when the setting is unavailable', async () => {
+    const { state } = await import(STATE_MODULE);
+    delete state.global.settings.delete_undo_enabled;
+
+    const { showDeleteModal } = await import(MODAL_UTILS_MODULE);
+    showDeleteModal('/models/foo.safetensors');
+
+    expect(modelInfoHtml()).toContain('modals.deleteModel.permanentWarning');
+  });
+
+  it('appends a formatted "Frees {size}" line when the card carries a file size', async () => {
+    translateMock.mockImplementation((key, params) =>
+      params && params.size ? `${key} ${params.size}` : key
+    );
+
+    const { showDeleteModal } = await import(MODAL_UTILS_MODULE);
+    showDeleteModal('/models/foo.safetensors');
+
+    expect(modelInfoHtml()).toContain('modals.deleteModel.freesSpace 2.0 GB');
+  });
+
+  it('omits the size line when the card has no file size dataset', async () => {
+    document.querySelector('.model-card').removeAttribute('data-file_size');
+
+    const { showDeleteModal } = await import(MODAL_UTILS_MODULE);
+    showDeleteModal('/models/foo.safetensors');
+
+    expect(modelInfoHtml()).not.toContain('modals.deleteModel.freesSpace');
+  });
+});

tests/frontend/utils/uiHelpers.dom.test.js

@@ -110,6 +110,142 @@ describe('UI helper DOM utilities', () => {
     expect(toast.classList.contains('show')).toBe(false);
   });
 
+  it('renders an action button and countdown span for action toasts', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    translateMock.mockReturnValue('Deleted Demo Model');
+
+    const { showActionToast } = await import(UI_HELPERS_MODULE);
+
+    const onAction = vi.fn();
+    showActionToast('toast.undo.deleted', { name: 'Demo Model' }, 'success', {
+      actionText: 'Undo',
+      onAction,
+    });
+
+    const toast = document.querySelector('.toast-container .toast');
+    expect(toast).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(toast.classList.contains('toast-success')).toBe(true);
+    expect(translateMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('toast.undo.deleted', { name: 'Demo Model' });
+
+    const button = toast.querySelector('.toast-action-btn');
+    expect(button).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(button.textContent).toBe('Undo');
+
+    const countdown = toast.querySelector('.toast-countdown');
+    expect(countdown).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(countdown.textContent).toBe('(30s)');
+
+    // Ticking one second updates the countdown text
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1000);
+    expect(countdown.textContent).toBe('(29s)');
+
+    // Drain remaining timers so no state leaks into other tests
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(30000);
+  });
+
+  it('invokes onAction once and dismisses immediately when the button is clicked', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    translateMock.mockReturnValue('Deleted Demo Model');
+
+    const { showActionToast } = await import(UI_HELPERS_MODULE);
+
+    const onAction = vi.fn();
+    showActionToast('toast.undo.deleted', {}, 'success', {
+      actionText: 'Undo',
+      onAction,
+    });
+
+    const toast = document.querySelector('.toast-container .toast');
+    toast.querySelector('.toast-action-btn').click();
+
+    expect(onAction).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(toast.classList.contains('show')).toBe(false);
+
+    // Dismissal removes the element after the transition ends
+    toast.dispatchEvent(new Event('transitionend', { bubbles: true }));
+    expect(document.querySelector('.toast-container .toast')).toBeNull();
+    expect(document.querySelector('.toast-container')).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('calls onAction exactly once when the button is double-clicked', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    translateMock.mockReturnValue('Deleted Demo Model');
+
+    const { showActionToast } = await import(UI_HELPERS_MODULE);
+
+    const onAction = vi.fn();
+    showActionToast('toast.undo.deleted', {}, 'success', {
+      actionText: 'Undo',
+      onAction,
+    });
+
+    const button = document.querySelector('.toast-action-btn');
+    button.click();
+    button.click();
+
+    expect(onAction).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('dismisses the toast when the countdown reaches zero', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    translateMock.mockReturnValue('Deleted Demo Model');
+    // Async RAF mirrors production ordering: the countdown interval is
+    // registered before the dismiss timeout, so the final tick displays (0s)
+    globalThis.requestAnimationFrame = (cb) => setTimeout(cb, 0);
+
+    const { showActionToast } = await import(UI_HELPERS_MODULE);
+
+    showActionToast('toast.undo.deleted', {}, 'success', {
+      actionText: 'Undo',
+      onAction: vi.fn(),
+      durationMs: 3000,
+    });
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(0); // Flush the RAF callback
+    const toast = document.querySelector('.toast-container .toast');
+    const countdown = toast.querySelector('.toast-countdown');
+    expect(countdown.textContent).toBe('(3s)');
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(2000);
+    expect(countdown.textContent).toBe('(1s)');
+    expect(toast.classList.contains('show')).toBe(true);
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1000);
+    expect(countdown.textContent).toBe('(0s)');
+    expect(toast.classList.contains('show')).toBe(false);
+
+    toast.dispatchEvent(new Event('transitionend', { bubbles: true }));
+    expect(document.querySelector('.toast-container .toast')).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('clears the countdown interval when dismissed via the action button', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    translateMock.mockReturnValue('Deleted Demo Model');
+
+    const { showActionToast } = await import(UI_HELPERS_MODULE);
+
+    const onAction = vi.fn();
+    showActionToast('toast.undo.deleted', {}, 'success', {
+      actionText: 'Undo',
+      onAction,
+      durationMs: 30000,
+    });
+
+    const toast = document.querySelector('.toast-container .toast');
+    const countdown = toast.querySelector('.toast-countdown');
+    toast.querySelector('.toast-action-btn').click();
+
+    // Advancing past the full duration must not tick the countdown further,
+    // throw, or re-dismiss the already-dismissed toast
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(60000);
+    expect(countdown.textContent).toBe('(30s)');
+    expect(onAction).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(toast.classList.contains('show')).toBe(false);
+
+    toast.dispatchEvent(new Event('transitionend', { bubbles: true }));
+    expect(document.querySelector('.toast-container')).toBeNull();
+  });
+
   it('toggles the persisted theme and updates DOM attributes', async () => {
     getStorageItemMock.mockReturnValue('light');
     document.body.innerHTML = '<button class="theme-toggle"></button>';

tests/frontend/utils/undoHelpers.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+import { describe, it, beforeEach, afterEach, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
+
+const {
+  UI_HELPERS_MODULE,
+  UNDO_HELPERS_MODULE,
+} = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  UI_HELPERS_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/utils/uiHelpers.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+  UNDO_HELPERS_MODULE: new URL('../../../static/js/utils/undoHelpers.js', import.meta.url).pathname,
+}));
+
+const showToastMock = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock(UI_HELPERS_MODULE, () => ({
+  showToast: showToastMock,
+}));
+
+describe('handleUndoDelete', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    showToastMock.mockReset();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    delete global.fetch;
+  });
+
+  it('posts the batch id, refreshes once, and shows the restored toast on 200', async () => {
+    global.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      status: 200,
+      json: async () => ({ success: true, restored: ['/models/foo.safetensors'] }),
+    });
+
+    const { handleUndoDelete } = await import(UNDO_HELPERS_MODULE);
+
+    const refreshFn = vi.fn();
+    const result = await handleUndoDelete('batch-1', refreshFn);
+
+    expect(result).toBe(true);
+    expect(global.fetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/api/lm/undo-delete', expect.objectContaining({
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+      body: JSON.stringify({ batch_id: 'batch-1' }),
+    }));
+    expect(refreshFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('toast.undo.restored', {}, 'success');
+  });
+
+  it('shows the expired toast for a 404 whose error body mentions expired', async () => {
+    global.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: false,
+      status: 404,
+      statusText: 'Not Found',
+      json: async () => ({ success: false, error: 'Undo batch expired and was purged' }),
+    });
+
+    const { handleUndoDelete } = await import(UNDO_HELPERS_MODULE);
+
+    const refreshFn = vi.fn();
+    const result = await handleUndoDelete('batch-gone', refreshFn);
+
+    expect(result).toBe(false);
+    expect(refreshFn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('toast.undo.expired', {}, 'error');
+  });
+
+  it('shows the failed toast with the server message for a 404 occupied path', async () => {
+    global.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: false,
+      status: 404,
+      statusText: 'Not Found',
+      json: async () => ({ success: false, error: 'Target path occupied' }),
+    });
+
+    const { handleUndoDelete } = await import(UNDO_HELPERS_MODULE);
+
+    const result = await handleUndoDelete('batch-occupied', vi.fn());
+
+    expect(result).toBe(false);
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('toast.undo.failed', { error: 'Target path occupied' }, 'error');
+  });
+
+  it('shows the failed toast when the error body is not parseable', async () => {
+    global.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: false,
+      status: 404,
+      statusText: 'Not Found',
+      json: async () => { throw new Error('invalid json'); },
+    });
+
+    const { handleUndoDelete } = await import(UNDO_HELPERS_MODULE);
+
+    const result = await handleUndoDelete('batch-malformed', vi.fn());
+
+    expect(result).toBe(false);
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('toast.undo.failed', { error: 'Not Found' }, 'error');
+  });
+
+  it('shows the failed toast on network errors', async () => {
+    global.fetch = vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(new Error('connection reset'));
+
+    const { handleUndoDelete } = await import(UNDO_HELPERS_MODULE);
+
+    const refreshFn = vi.fn();
+    const result = await handleUndoDelete('batch-net', refreshFn);
+
+    expect(result).toBe(false);
+    expect(refreshFn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(showToastMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith('toast.undo.failed', { error: 'connection reset' }, 'error');
+  });
+
+  it('suppresses the toast and refresh when the options disable them', async () => {
+    global.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      status: 200,
+      json: async () => ({ success: true }),
+    });
+
+    const { handleUndoDelete } = await import(UNDO_HELPERS_MODULE);
+
+    const refreshFn = vi.fn();
+    const result = await handleUndoDelete('batch-quiet', refreshFn, { showToast: false, refresh: false });
+
+    expect(result).toBe(true);
+    expect(global.fetch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(refreshFn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(showToastMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});