diff --git a/py/routes/example_images_routes.py b/py/routes/example_images_routes.py
index 44effa3b..d5d34218 100644
--- a/py/routes/example_images_routes.py
+++ b/py/routes/example_images_routes.py
@@ -16,7 +16,10 @@ from ..services.use_cases.example_images import (
     DownloadExampleImagesUseCase,
     ImportExampleImagesUseCase,
 )
-from ..utils.example_images_download_manager import DownloadManager
+from ..utils.example_images_download_manager import (
+    DownloadManager,
+    get_default_download_manager,
+)
 from ..utils.example_images_file_manager import ExampleImagesFileManager
 from ..utils.example_images_processor import ExampleImagesProcessor
 
@@ -29,11 +32,11 @@ class ExampleImagesRoutes:
     def __init__(
         self,
         *,
-        download_manager=DownloadManager,
+        download_manager: DownloadManager | None = None,
         processor=ExampleImagesProcessor,
         file_manager=ExampleImagesFileManager,
     ) -> None:
-        self._download_manager = download_manager
+        self._download_manager = download_manager or get_default_download_manager()
         self._processor = processor
         self._file_manager = file_manager
         self._handler_set: ExampleImagesHandlerSet | None = None
diff --git a/py/utils/example_images_download_manager.py b/py/utils/example_images_download_manager.py
index 7df0c6fb..e538f50a 100644
--- a/py/utils/example_images_download_manager.py
+++ b/py/utils/example_images_download_manager.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import logging
 import os
 import asyncio
@@ -37,165 +39,150 @@ class DownloadConfigurationError(ExampleImagesDownloadError):
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-# Download status tracking
-download_task = None
-is_downloading = False
-download_progress = {
-    'total': 0,
-    'completed': 0,
-    'current_model': '',
-    'status': 'idle',  # idle, running, paused, completed, error
-    'errors': [],
-    'last_error': None,
-    'start_time': None,
-    'end_time': None,
-    'processed_models': set(),  # Track models that have been processed
-    'refreshed_models': set(),  # Track models that had metadata refreshed
-    'failed_models': set()  # Track models that failed to download after metadata refresh
-}
 
+class _DownloadProgress(dict):
+    """Mutable mapping maintaining download progress with set-aware serialisation."""
 
-def _serialize_progress() -> dict:
-    """Return a JSON-serialisable snapshot of the current progress."""
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.reset()
 
-    snapshot = download_progress.copy()
-    snapshot['processed_models'] = list(download_progress['processed_models'])
-    snapshot['refreshed_models'] = list(download_progress['refreshed_models'])
-    snapshot['failed_models'] = list(download_progress['failed_models'])
-    return snapshot
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        """Reset the progress dictionary to its initial state."""
+
+        self.update(
+            total=0,
+            completed=0,
+            current_model='',
+            status='idle',
+            errors=[],
+            last_error=None,
+            start_time=None,
+            end_time=None,
+            processed_models=set(),
+            refreshed_models=set(),
+            failed_models=set(),
+        )
+
+    def snapshot(self) -> dict:
+        """Return a JSON-serialisable snapshot of the current progress."""
+
+        snapshot = dict(self)
+        snapshot['processed_models'] = list(self['processed_models'])
+        snapshot['refreshed_models'] = list(self['refreshed_models'])
+        snapshot['failed_models'] = list(self['failed_models'])
+        return snapshot
 
 class DownloadManager:
-    """Manages downloading example images for models"""
-    
-    @staticmethod
-    async def start_download(options: dict):
-        """
-        Start downloading example images for models
-        
-        Expects a JSON body with:
-        {
-            "optimize": true,                # Whether to optimize images (default: true)
-            "model_types": ["lora", "checkpoint"], # Model types to process (default: both)
-            "delay": 1.0,                    # Delay between downloads to avoid rate limiting (default: 1.0)
-            "auto_mode": false               # Flag to indicate automatic download (default: false)
-        }
-        """
-        global download_task, is_downloading, download_progress
-        
-        if is_downloading:
-            raise DownloadInProgressError(_serialize_progress())
+    """Manages downloading example images for models."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._download_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
+        self._is_downloading = False
+        self._progress = _DownloadProgress()
+
+    async def start_download(self, options: dict):
+        """Start downloading example images for models."""
+
+        if self._is_downloading:
+            raise DownloadInProgressError(self._progress.snapshot())
 
         try:
             data = options or {}
             auto_mode = data.get('auto_mode', False)
             optimize = data.get('optimize', True)
             model_types = data.get('model_types', ['lora', 'checkpoint'])
-            delay = float(data.get('delay', 0.2))  # Default to 0.2 seconds
-            
-            # Get output directory from settings
+            delay = float(data.get('delay', 0.2))
+
             output_dir = settings.get('example_images_path')
 
             if not output_dir:
                 error_msg = 'Example images path not configured in settings'
                 if auto_mode:
-                    # For auto mode, just log and return success to avoid showing error toasts
                     logger.debug(error_msg)
                     return {
                         'success': True,
                         'message': 'Example images path not configured, skipping auto download'
                     }
                 raise DownloadConfigurationError(error_msg)
-            
-            # Create the output directory
+
             os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)
-            
-            # Initialize progress tracking
-            download_progress['total'] = 0
-            download_progress['completed'] = 0
-            download_progress['current_model'] = ''
-            download_progress['status'] = 'running'
-            download_progress['errors'] = []
-            download_progress['last_error'] = None
-            download_progress['start_time'] = time.time()
-            download_progress['end_time'] = None
-            
-            # Get the processed models list from a file if it exists
+
+            self._progress.reset()
+            self._progress['status'] = 'running'
+            self._progress['start_time'] = time.time()
+            self._progress['end_time'] = None
+
             progress_file = os.path.join(output_dir, '.download_progress.json')
             if os.path.exists(progress_file):
                 try:
                     with open(progress_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                         saved_progress = json.load(f)
-                        download_progress['processed_models'] = set(saved_progress.get('processed_models', []))
-                        download_progress['failed_models'] = set(saved_progress.get('failed_models', []))
-                        logger.debug(f"Loaded previous progress, {len(download_progress['processed_models'])} models already processed, {len(download_progress['failed_models'])} models marked as failed")
+                        self._progress['processed_models'] = set(saved_progress.get('processed_models', []))
+                        self._progress['failed_models'] = set(saved_progress.get('failed_models', []))
+                        logger.debug(
+                            "Loaded previous progress, %s models already processed, %s models marked as failed",
+                            len(self._progress['processed_models']),
+                            len(self._progress['failed_models']),
+                        )
                 except Exception as e:
                     logger.error(f"Failed to load progress file: {e}")
-                    download_progress['processed_models'] = set()
-                    download_progress['failed_models'] = set()
+                    self._progress['processed_models'] = set()
+                    self._progress['failed_models'] = set()
             else:
-                download_progress['processed_models'] = set()
-                download_progress['failed_models'] = set()
-            
-            # Start the download task
-            is_downloading = True
-            download_task = asyncio.create_task(
-                DownloadManager._download_all_example_images(
-                    output_dir, 
-                    optimize, 
+                self._progress['processed_models'] = set()
+                self._progress['failed_models'] = set()
+
+            self._is_downloading = True
+            self._download_task = asyncio.create_task(
+                self._download_all_example_images(
+                    output_dir,
+                    optimize,
                     model_types,
                     delay
                 )
             )
-            
+
             return {
                 'success': True,
                 'message': 'Download started',
-                'status': _serialize_progress()
+                'status': self._progress.snapshot()
             }
 
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error(f"Failed to start example images download: {e}", exc_info=True)
             raise ExampleImagesDownloadError(str(e)) from e
             
-    @staticmethod
-    async def get_status(request):
-        """Get the current status of example images download"""
-        global download_progress
-
-        # Create a copy of the progress dict with the set converted to a list for JSON serialization
-        response_progress = _serialize_progress()
+    async def get_status(self, request):
+        """Get the current status of example images download."""
 
         return {
             'success': True,
-            'is_downloading': is_downloading,
-            'status': response_progress
+            'is_downloading': self._is_downloading,
+            'status': self._progress.snapshot(),
         }
 
-    @staticmethod
-    async def pause_download(request):
-        """Pause the example images download"""
-        global download_progress
-        
-        if not is_downloading:
+    async def pause_download(self, request):
+        """Pause the example images download."""
+
+        if not self._is_downloading:
             raise DownloadNotRunningError()
 
-        download_progress['status'] = 'paused'
+        self._progress['status'] = 'paused'
 
         return {
             'success': True,
             'message': 'Download paused'
         }
 
-    @staticmethod
-    async def resume_download(request):
-        """Resume the example images download"""
-        global download_progress
-        
-        if not is_downloading:
+    async def resume_download(self, request):
+        """Resume the example images download."""
+
+        if not self._is_downloading:
             raise DownloadNotRunningError()
 
-        if download_progress['status'] == 'paused':
-            download_progress['status'] = 'running'
+        if self._progress['status'] == 'paused':
+            self._progress['status'] = 'running'
 
             return {
                 'success': True,
@@ -203,15 +190,12 @@ class DownloadManager:
             }
 
         raise DownloadNotRunningError(
-            f"Download is in '{download_progress['status']}' state, cannot resume"
+            f"Download is in '{self._progress['status']}' state, cannot resume"
         )
     
-    @staticmethod
-    async def _download_all_example_images(output_dir, optimize, model_types, delay):
-        """Download example images for all models"""
-        global is_downloading, download_progress
-        
-        # Get unified downloader
+    async def _download_all_example_images(self, output_dir, optimize, model_types, delay):
+        """Download example images for all models."""
+
         downloader = await get_downloader()
         
         try:
@@ -239,59 +223,58 @@ class DownloadManager:
                             all_models.append((scanner_type, model, scanner))
             
             # Update total count
-            download_progress['total'] = len(all_models)
-            logger.debug(f"Found {download_progress['total']} models to process")
+            self._progress['total'] = len(all_models)
+            logger.debug(f"Found {self._progress['total']} models to process")
             
             # Process each model
             for i, (scanner_type, model, scanner) in enumerate(all_models):
                 # Main logic for processing model is here, but actual operations are delegated to other classes
-                was_remote_download = await DownloadManager._process_model(
-                    scanner_type, model, scanner, 
+                was_remote_download = await self._process_model(
+                    scanner_type, model, scanner,
                     output_dir, optimize, downloader
                 )
                 
                 # Update progress
-                download_progress['completed'] += 1
+                self._progress['completed'] += 1
                 
                 # Only add delay after remote download of models, and not after processing the last model
-                if was_remote_download and i < len(all_models) - 1 and download_progress['status'] == 'running':
+                if was_remote_download and i < len(all_models) - 1 and self._progress['status'] == 'running':
                     await asyncio.sleep(delay)
             
             # Mark as completed
-            download_progress['status'] = 'completed'
-            download_progress['end_time'] = time.time()
-            logger.debug(f"Example images download completed: {download_progress['completed']}/{download_progress['total']} models processed")
+            self._progress['status'] = 'completed'
+            self._progress['end_time'] = time.time()
+            logger.debug(f"Example images download completed: {self._progress['completed']}/{self._progress['total']} models processed")
             
         except Exception as e:
             error_msg = f"Error during example images download: {str(e)}"
             logger.error(error_msg, exc_info=True)
-            download_progress['errors'].append(error_msg)
-            download_progress['last_error'] = error_msg
-            download_progress['status'] = 'error'
-            download_progress['end_time'] = time.time()
+            self._progress['errors'].append(error_msg)
+            self._progress['last_error'] = error_msg
+            self._progress['status'] = 'error'
+            self._progress['end_time'] = time.time()
         
         finally:
             # Save final progress to file
             try:
-                DownloadManager._save_progress(output_dir)
+                self._save_progress(output_dir)
             except Exception as e:
                 logger.error(f"Failed to save progress file: {e}")
-            
+
             # Set download status to not downloading
-            is_downloading = False
+            self._is_downloading = False
+            self._download_task = None
     
-    @staticmethod
-    async def _process_model(scanner_type, model, scanner, output_dir, optimize, downloader):
-        """Process a single model download"""
-        global download_progress
-        
+    async def _process_model(self, scanner_type, model, scanner, output_dir, optimize, downloader):
+        """Process a single model download."""
+
         # Check if download is paused
-        while download_progress['status'] == 'paused':
+        while self._progress['status'] == 'paused':
             await asyncio.sleep(1)
-        
+
         # Check if download should continue
-        if download_progress['status'] != 'running':
-            logger.info(f"Download stopped: {download_progress['status']}")
+        if self._progress['status'] != 'running':
+            logger.info(f"Download stopped: {self._progress['status']}")
             return False  # Return False to indicate no remote download happened
         
         model_hash = model.get('sha256', '').lower()
@@ -301,15 +284,15 @@ class DownloadManager:
         
         try:
             # Update current model info
-            download_progress['current_model'] = f"{model_name} ({model_hash[:8]})"
+            self._progress['current_model'] = f"{model_name} ({model_hash[:8]})"
             
             # Skip if already in failed models
-            if model_hash in download_progress['failed_models']:
+            if model_hash in self._progress['failed_models']:
                 logger.debug(f"Skipping known failed model: {model_name}")
                 return False
             
             # Skip if already processed AND directory exists with files
-            if model_hash in download_progress['processed_models']:
+            if model_hash in self._progress['processed_models']:
                 model_dir = os.path.join(output_dir, model_hash)
                 has_files = os.path.exists(model_dir) and any(os.listdir(model_dir))
                 if has_files:
@@ -318,7 +301,7 @@ class DownloadManager:
                 else:
                     logger.info(f"Model {model_name} marked as processed but folder empty or missing, reprocessing")
                     # Remove from processed models since we need to reprocess
-                    download_progress['processed_models'].discard(model_hash)
+                    self._progress['processed_models'].discard(model_hash)
             
             # Create model directory
             model_dir = os.path.join(output_dir, model_hash)
@@ -334,7 +317,7 @@ class DownloadManager:
                 await MetadataUpdater.update_metadata_from_local_examples(
                     model_hash, model, scanner_type, scanner, model_dir
                 )
-                download_progress['processed_models'].add(model_hash)
+                self._progress['processed_models'].add(model_hash)
                 return False  # Return False to indicate no remote download happened
             
             # If no local images, try to download from remote
@@ -346,57 +329,55 @@ class DownloadManager:
                 )
                 
                 # If metadata is stale, try to refresh it
-                if is_stale and model_hash not in download_progress['refreshed_models']:
+                if is_stale and model_hash not in self._progress['refreshed_models']:
                     await MetadataUpdater.refresh_model_metadata(
-                        model_hash, model_name, scanner_type, scanner
+                        model_hash, model_name, scanner_type, scanner, self._progress
                     )
-                    
+
                     # Get the updated model data
                     updated_model = await MetadataUpdater.get_updated_model(
                         model_hash, scanner
                     )
-                    
+
                     if updated_model and updated_model.get('civitai', {}).get('images'):
                         # Retry download with updated metadata
                         updated_images = updated_model.get('civitai', {}).get('images', [])
                         success, _ = await ExampleImagesProcessor.download_model_images(
                             model_hash, model_name, updated_images, model_dir, optimize, downloader
                         )
-                    
-                    download_progress['refreshed_models'].add(model_hash)
+
+                    self._progress['refreshed_models'].add(model_hash)
                 
                 # Mark as processed if successful, or as failed if unsuccessful after refresh
                 if success:
-                    download_progress['processed_models'].add(model_hash)
+                    self._progress['processed_models'].add(model_hash)
                 else:
                     # If we refreshed metadata and still failed, mark as permanently failed
-                    if model_hash in download_progress['refreshed_models']:
-                        download_progress['failed_models'].add(model_hash)
+                    if model_hash in self._progress['refreshed_models']:
+                        self._progress['failed_models'].add(model_hash)
                         logger.info(f"Marking model {model_name} as failed after metadata refresh")
                     
                 return True  # Return True to indicate a remote download happened
             else:
                 # No civitai data or images available, mark as failed to avoid future attempts
-                download_progress['failed_models'].add(model_hash)
+                self._progress['failed_models'].add(model_hash)
                 logger.debug(f"No civitai images available for model {model_name}, marking as failed")
             
             # Save progress periodically
-            if download_progress['completed'] % 10 == 0 or download_progress['completed'] == download_progress['total'] - 1:
-                DownloadManager._save_progress(output_dir)
+            if self._progress['completed'] % 10 == 0 or self._progress['completed'] == self._progress['total'] - 1:
+                self._save_progress(output_dir)
                 
             return False  # Default return if no conditions met
                 
         except Exception as e:
             error_msg = f"Error processing model {model.get('model_name')}: {str(e)}"
             logger.error(error_msg, exc_info=True)
-            download_progress['errors'].append(error_msg)
-            download_progress['last_error'] = error_msg
+            self._progress['errors'].append(error_msg)
+            self._progress['last_error'] = error_msg
             return False  # Return False on exception
     
-    @staticmethod
-    def _save_progress(output_dir):
-        """Save download progress to file"""
-        global download_progress
+    def _save_progress(self, output_dir):
+        """Save download progress to file."""
         try:
             progress_file = os.path.join(output_dir, '.download_progress.json')
             
@@ -411,11 +392,11 @@ class DownloadManager:
             
             # Create new progress data
             progress_data = {
-                'processed_models': list(download_progress['processed_models']),
-                'refreshed_models': list(download_progress['refreshed_models']),
-                'failed_models': list(download_progress['failed_models']),
-                'completed': download_progress['completed'],
-                'total': download_progress['total'],
+                'processed_models': list(self._progress['processed_models']),
+                'refreshed_models': list(self._progress['refreshed_models']),
+                'failed_models': list(self._progress['failed_models']),
+                'completed': self._progress['completed'],
+                'total': self._progress['total'],
                 'last_update': time.time()
             }
             
@@ -430,70 +411,46 @@ class DownloadManager:
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error(f"Failed to save progress file: {e}")
     
-    @staticmethod
-    async def start_force_download(options: dict):
-        """
-        Force download example images for specific models
-        
-        Expects a JSON body with:
-        {
-            "model_hashes": ["hash1", "hash2", ...],  # List of model hashes to download
-            "optimize": true,                         # Whether to optimize images (default: true)
-            "model_types": ["lora", "checkpoint"],    # Model types to process (default: both)
-            "delay": 1.0                              # Delay between downloads (default: 1.0)
-        }
-        """
-        global download_task, is_downloading, download_progress
+    async def start_force_download(self, options: dict):
+        """Force download example images for specific models."""
 
-        if is_downloading:
-            raise DownloadInProgressError(_serialize_progress())
+        if self._is_downloading:
+            raise DownloadInProgressError(self._progress.snapshot())
 
         try:
             data = options or {}
             model_hashes = data.get('model_hashes', [])
             optimize = data.get('optimize', True)
             model_types = data.get('model_types', ['lora', 'checkpoint'])
-            delay = float(data.get('delay', 0.2))  # Default to 0.2 seconds
+            delay = float(data.get('delay', 0.2))
 
             if not model_hashes:
                 raise DownloadConfigurationError('Missing model_hashes parameter')
 
-            # Get output directory from settings
             output_dir = settings.get('example_images_path')
 
             if not output_dir:
                 raise DownloadConfigurationError('Example images path not configured in settings')
-            
-            # Create the output directory
+
             os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)
-            
-            # Initialize progress tracking
-            download_progress['total'] = len(model_hashes)
-            download_progress['completed'] = 0
-            download_progress['current_model'] = ''
-            download_progress['status'] = 'running'
-            download_progress['errors'] = []
-            download_progress['last_error'] = None
-            download_progress['start_time'] = time.time()
-            download_progress['end_time'] = None
-            download_progress['processed_models'] = set()
-            download_progress['refreshed_models'] = set()
-            download_progress['failed_models'] = set()
 
-            # Set download status to downloading
-            is_downloading = True
+            self._progress.reset()
+            self._progress['total'] = len(model_hashes)
+            self._progress['status'] = 'running'
+            self._progress['start_time'] = time.time()
+            self._progress['end_time'] = None
 
-            # Execute the download function directly instead of creating a background task
-            result = await DownloadManager._download_specific_models_example_images_sync(
+            self._is_downloading = True
+
+            result = await self._download_specific_models_example_images_sync(
                 model_hashes,
-                output_dir, 
-                optimize, 
+                output_dir,
+                optimize,
                 model_types,
                 delay
             )
 
-            # Set download status to not downloading
-            is_downloading = False
+            self._is_downloading = False
 
             return {
                 'success': True,
@@ -502,17 +459,13 @@ class DownloadManager:
             }
 
         except Exception as e:
-            # Set download status to not downloading
-            is_downloading = False
+            self._is_downloading = False
             logger.error(f"Failed during forced example images download: {e}", exc_info=True)
             raise ExampleImagesDownloadError(str(e)) from e
     
-    @staticmethod
-    async def _download_specific_models_example_images_sync(model_hashes, output_dir, optimize, model_types, delay):
-        """Download example images for specific models only - synchronous version"""
-        global download_progress
-        
-        # Get unified downloader
+    async def _download_specific_models_example_images_sync(self, model_hashes, output_dir, optimize, model_types, delay):
+        """Download example images for specific models only - synchronous version."""
+
         downloader = await get_downloader()
         
         try:
@@ -540,14 +493,14 @@ class DownloadManager:
                             models_to_process.append((scanner_type, model, scanner))
             
             # Update total count based on found models
-            download_progress['total'] = len(models_to_process)
-            logger.debug(f"Found {download_progress['total']} models to process")
+            self._progress['total'] = len(models_to_process)
+            logger.debug(f"Found {self._progress['total']} models to process")
             
             # Send initial progress via WebSocket
             await ws_manager.broadcast({
                 'type': 'example_images_progress',
                 'processed': 0,
-                'total': download_progress['total'],
+                'total': self._progress['total'],
                 'status': 'running',
                 'current_model': ''
             })
@@ -556,8 +509,8 @@ class DownloadManager:
             success_count = 0
             for i, (scanner_type, model, scanner) in enumerate(models_to_process):
                 # Force process this model regardless of previous status
-                was_successful = await DownloadManager._process_specific_model(
-                    scanner_type, model, scanner, 
+                was_successful = await self._process_specific_model(
+                    scanner_type, model, scanner,
                     output_dir, optimize, downloader
                 )
                 
@@ -565,55 +518,55 @@ class DownloadManager:
                     success_count += 1
                 
                 # Update progress
-                download_progress['completed'] += 1
+                self._progress['completed'] += 1
                 
                 # Send progress update via WebSocket
                 await ws_manager.broadcast({
                     'type': 'example_images_progress',
-                    'processed': download_progress['completed'],
-                    'total': download_progress['total'],
+                    'processed': self._progress['completed'],
+                    'total': self._progress['total'],
                     'status': 'running',
-                    'current_model': download_progress['current_model']
+                    'current_model': self._progress['current_model']
                 })
                 
                 # Only add delay after remote download, and not after processing the last model
-                if was_successful and i < len(models_to_process) - 1 and download_progress['status'] == 'running':
+                if was_successful and i < len(models_to_process) - 1 and self._progress['status'] == 'running':
                     await asyncio.sleep(delay)
             
             # Mark as completed
-            download_progress['status'] = 'completed'
-            download_progress['end_time'] = time.time()
-            logger.debug(f"Forced example images download completed: {download_progress['completed']}/{download_progress['total']} models processed")
+            self._progress['status'] = 'completed'
+            self._progress['end_time'] = time.time()
+            logger.debug(f"Forced example images download completed: {self._progress['completed']}/{self._progress['total']} models processed")
             
             # Send final progress via WebSocket
             await ws_manager.broadcast({
                 'type': 'example_images_progress',
-                'processed': download_progress['completed'],
-                'total': download_progress['total'],
+                'processed': self._progress['completed'],
+                'total': self._progress['total'],
                 'status': 'completed',
                 'current_model': ''
             })
             
             return {
-                'total': download_progress['total'],
-                'processed': download_progress['completed'],
+                'total': self._progress['total'],
+                'processed': self._progress['completed'],
                 'successful': success_count,
-                'errors': download_progress['errors']
+                'errors': self._progress['errors']
             }
             
         except Exception as e:
             error_msg = f"Error during forced example images download: {str(e)}"
             logger.error(error_msg, exc_info=True)
-            download_progress['errors'].append(error_msg)
-            download_progress['last_error'] = error_msg
-            download_progress['status'] = 'error'
-            download_progress['end_time'] = time.time()
+            self._progress['errors'].append(error_msg)
+            self._progress['last_error'] = error_msg
+            self._progress['status'] = 'error'
+            self._progress['end_time'] = time.time()
             
             # Send error status via WebSocket
             await ws_manager.broadcast({
                 'type': 'example_images_progress',
-                'processed': download_progress['completed'],
-                'total': download_progress['total'],
+                'processed': self._progress['completed'],
+                'total': self._progress['total'],
                 'status': 'error',
                 'error': error_msg,
                 'current_model': ''
@@ -625,18 +578,16 @@ class DownloadManager:
             # No need to close any sessions since we use the global downloader
             pass
     
-    @staticmethod
-    async def _process_specific_model(scanner_type, model, scanner, output_dir, optimize, downloader):
-        """Process a specific model for forced download, ignoring previous download status"""
-        global download_progress
-        
+    async def _process_specific_model(self, scanner_type, model, scanner, output_dir, optimize, downloader):
+        """Process a specific model for forced download, ignoring previous download status."""
+
         # Check if download is paused
-        while download_progress['status'] == 'paused':
+        while self._progress['status'] == 'paused':
             await asyncio.sleep(1)
         
         # Check if download should continue
-        if download_progress['status'] != 'running':
-            logger.info(f"Download stopped: {download_progress['status']}")
+        if self._progress['status'] != 'running':
+            logger.info(f"Download stopped: {self._progress['status']}")
             return False
         
         model_hash = model.get('sha256', '').lower()
@@ -646,7 +597,7 @@ class DownloadManager:
         
         try:
             # Update current model info
-            download_progress['current_model'] = f"{model_name} ({model_hash[:8]})"
+            self._progress['current_model'] = f"{model_name} ({model_hash[:8]})"
             
             # Create model directory
             model_dir = os.path.join(output_dir, model_hash)
@@ -662,7 +613,7 @@ class DownloadManager:
                 await MetadataUpdater.update_metadata_from_local_examples(
                     model_hash, model, scanner_type, scanner, model_dir
                 )
-                download_progress['processed_models'].add(model_hash)
+                self._progress['processed_models'].add(model_hash)
                 return False  # Return False to indicate no remote download happened
             
             # If no local images, try to download from remote
@@ -674,9 +625,9 @@ class DownloadManager:
                 )
                 
                 # If metadata is stale, try to refresh it
-                if is_stale and model_hash not in download_progress['refreshed_models']:
+                if is_stale and model_hash not in self._progress['refreshed_models']:
                     await MetadataUpdater.refresh_model_metadata(
-                        model_hash, model_name, scanner_type, scanner
+                        model_hash, model_name, scanner_type, scanner, self._progress
                     )
                     
                     # Get the updated model data
@@ -694,18 +645,18 @@ class DownloadManager:
                         # Combine failed images from both attempts
                         failed_images.extend(additional_failed_images)
                     
-                    download_progress['refreshed_models'].add(model_hash)
+                    self._progress['refreshed_models'].add(model_hash)
                 
                 # For forced downloads, remove failed images from metadata
                 if failed_images:
                     # Create a copy of images excluding failed ones
-                    await DownloadManager._remove_failed_images_from_metadata(
+                    await self._remove_failed_images_from_metadata(
                         model_hash, model_name, failed_images, scanner
                     )
                 
                 # Mark as processed
                 if success or failed_images:  # Mark as processed if we successfully downloaded some images or removed failed ones
-                    download_progress['processed_models'].add(model_hash)
+                    self._progress['processed_models'].add(model_hash)
                     
                 return True  # Return True to indicate a remote download happened
             else:
@@ -715,12 +666,11 @@ class DownloadManager:
         except Exception as e:
             error_msg = f"Error processing model {model.get('model_name')}: {str(e)}"
             logger.error(error_msg, exc_info=True)
-            download_progress['errors'].append(error_msg)
-            download_progress['last_error'] = error_msg
+            self._progress['errors'].append(error_msg)
+            self._progress['last_error'] = error_msg
             return False  # Return False on exception
 
-    @staticmethod
-    async def _remove_failed_images_from_metadata(model_hash, model_name, failed_images, scanner):
+    async def _remove_failed_images_from_metadata(self, model_hash, model_name, failed_images, scanner):
         """Remove failed images from model metadata"""
         try:
             # Get current model data
@@ -762,4 +712,13 @@ class DownloadManager:
                     await scanner.update_single_model_cache(file_path, file_path, model_data)
                     
         except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"Error removing failed images from metadata for {model_name}: {e}", exc_info=True)
\ No newline at end of file
+            logger.error(f"Error removing failed images from metadata for {model_name}: {e}", exc_info=True)
+
+
+default_download_manager = DownloadManager()
+
+
+def get_default_download_manager() -> DownloadManager:
+    """Return the singleton download manager used by default routes."""
+
+    return default_download_manager
diff --git a/py/utils/example_images_metadata.py b/py/utils/example_images_metadata.py
index 8820b49b..780eb43b 100644
--- a/py/utils/example_images_metadata.py
+++ b/py/utils/example_images_metadata.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class MetadataUpdater:
     """Handles updating model metadata related to example images"""
     
     @staticmethod
-    async def refresh_model_metadata(model_hash, model_name, scanner_type, scanner):
+    async def refresh_model_metadata(model_hash, model_name, scanner_type, scanner, progress: dict | None = None):
         """Refresh model metadata from CivitAI
         
         Args:
@@ -45,8 +45,6 @@ class MetadataUpdater:
         Returns:
             bool: True if metadata was successfully refreshed, False otherwise
         """
-        from ..utils.example_images_download_manager import download_progress
-        
         try:
             # Find the model in the scanner cache
             cache = await scanner.get_cached_data()
@@ -67,7 +65,8 @@ class MetadataUpdater:
                 return False
             
             # Track that we're refreshing this model
-            download_progress['refreshed_models'].add(model_hash)
+            if progress is not None:
+                progress['refreshed_models'].add(model_hash)
             
             async def update_cache_func(old_path, new_path, metadata):
                 return await scanner.update_single_model_cache(old_path, new_path, metadata)
@@ -85,12 +84,13 @@ class MetadataUpdater:
             else:
                 logger.warning(f"Failed to refresh metadata for {model_name}, {error}")
                 return False
-                
+
         except Exception as e:
             error_msg = f"Error refreshing metadata for {model_name}: {str(e)}"
             logger.error(error_msg, exc_info=True)
-            download_progress['errors'].append(error_msg)
-            download_progress['last_error'] = error_msg
+            if progress is not None:
+                progress['errors'].append(error_msg)
+                progress['last_error'] = error_msg
             return False
     
     @staticmethod